Hello, everybody, and welcome back.

Now we know that the upper part of the palace that Augustus created on

the Palatine was housing the house of the Emperor,

and this residence was divided in a private part and in a public part.

Let's have a look to the private part.

The entrance was on this side.

There was an atrium here,

small rooms for services here, a first peristile.

An inner part, where the bedroom of the Emperor was,

a room where he would use

to retire himself when he wanted some rest or some quiet.

And the second peristile here.

Also, in this case we have a figure evidence of how the complex should have looked like.

Here you can see the outer limit of this residence,

along a street which was running this way,

and the upper part of this house.

You can see this window here and here.

We can imagine on this part, and here.

And this small window here giving light to this room,

maybe the inner part of the house.

This new house joined three previous houses which were standing here,

enclosing the previous street.

So this is the situation before 36 B.C.

and this is how the new house should have looked like

with Augustus' bedroom and inner part of the house, the siracusa.

This is how the entrance of the house should have looked like,

as we can figure out from this coin.

Any sign of the owner given by the Senate to Augustus

had been shown in front of the house such as this.

This is a crown, corona civica.

It was the greatest honor that the Senate can give to the very honorable citizen,

to citizen who had helped the state in dangerous time.

And inside there was inscription,

"To the father of the country — pater

patriae" and on each side of the entrance you had laurel trees

in sign of honor and altars to celebrate

rites in honor of the gods connecting to Augustus himself,

and the statues of the god Venus and Mars,

the parents of the Roman people in mythical terms.

Moving from the entrance along the street outside this complex,

we have minor monuments,

such as this sculpture here and a fountain,

and here once again you have the image of how all this should have looked like.

You can still see today the inner part of the ground floor of

this house which is wonderful painting, and with a lead pipe,

with the name Livia engraved on that,

which is the evidence of the fact that

the wife of the Emperor have been lived inside there.

The two parts of the house,

the private part and the public part, house of cults.

Obviously, in the private part of the house,

you have the cult to the divine ancestors,

to lares which were housed in a small shrine inside here,

which we can figure out referring to this sculpture here.

And in the public part,

of course, the most important Goddess for Rome, Vesta,

was placed in a small round shrine as we can see from this coin,

minted by that time.

But the most maybe fascinating part of the palace were the underground part,

substaining the lower terrace.

This is how the palace should have looked like from the front,

the bedrock of the hill.

The filled in part of the previous house of Octavian,

and the porticos with staircase and temple,

the curia, the public part and the private part.

And this is the front of the palace once again.

And here we have the remains with walls and ceilings and floors substaining all this.

We know that the Roman citizens who

used to house the slaves underneath the floor of their house.

Augustus is doing just the same.

But in this case we have no just simple slaves,

we have the bureaucracy that the emperors needed to manage

these huge empire that now exists.

Do you remember that in year 12 the pontifex maximus dies?

The domus publica along the second way is

destroyed and a horreum is built up on that place.

This is made because Augustus became pontifex

maximus himself and made public a part of that house.

But from this point on,

the Roman state is really changed because the house of

the Emperor is a representation of the leading part of the Roman state.

Here you have the image of the Roman forum at the end of the first century B.C.

and of the house of Augustus at the same time.

The Roman forum was a public square created at the end of

the eighth century to let the new political system build,

and the house of Augustus, in blue color,

had two vast columnaes,

which can be used as public squares.

On the limit of the Roman Forum,

you have the seat of the Senate in yellow

and in the porticoes in front of the temple inside the house of Augustus,

you have a seat for the Senate as well.

Near the Roman Forum,

the lares of Rome were worshiped,

and inside the Augustus house the lares were worshiped.

And the Augustus house is close to the lares as

well as the house of the rex sacrorum is close to lares in the Forum.

And the god Vesta is inside the house,

and the pontifex maximus house as well now is inside the palace of the Emperor.

So all this system that was as old as Rome was,

created outside in the Palatine,

along the Roman Forum,

is now brought back inside the hill and inside the house of the Emperor.

And this is how we can imagine this incredible palace

facing onto the circus maximus: the entrance,

the substructure with the offices substaining the lower terrace,

the porticoes in front of the temple,

the curia, the public part, the private part,

and the temple to Apollo.

Thank you very much.

6.4 The House of Augustus 2

The Changing Landscape of Ancient Rome. Archaeology and History of the Palatine Hill

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