Now that you've seen all these lectures on interviewing,

you probably feel a bit like this.

And usually, most interviewers feel like this during an interview and

that's not so weird.

Because while interviewing, your thinking about, oh,

I have to create this warm interviewing style.

How do I do this?

Okay, I have to chat about small talk stuff or

I have to listen really carefully what does

the interviewee say and I really have to listen.

And he's hot, while thinking about how to be warm.

Or when you're also thinking about, okay, what is this person saying?

Is this relevant?

He or she is talking about the aunt of an aunt of an aunt Is this relevant?

Probably not.

You're probably also thinking about, okay, what's my next question?

And usually, no wise interviewers keep on thinking about, okay,

what's my next question?

I've prepared all those questions and now I forgot them, so

what is my next question?

You have to know your topic beforehand or do I need to probe?

What kind of probing technique do I need to use?

Do I need to use a hum or do I need to use an active silence?

Or do I need to use a request for a specification?

Or elaboration?

Or do I need to give a summary?

Why now?

Maybe later.

Or oh, gosh, what did the interviewer say?

Am I still warm enough?

Am I a naive outsider?

Or should I use a directive or indirective, non-directive probe?

What kinds of probes should I use?

And what kind of probing tactic should I use?

Probably, I should use a challenging probing tactic.

But no, he said, it didn't matter.

So, I could also use an encouraging technique.

No, I could also use an accommodating technique.

When you're doing this during your interview, you feel panic.

You feel total panic and that's not what you need during

an interview and all you think is help, but what helps?

What really helps beforehand is to be prepared.

So watch these lectures, read some books about interviewing.

Read some interviews done by others, watch some interviews on television.

Even though they're journalists, they have another goal.

They're not researchers, so they don't have a research goal.

They don't want the complete amount of information.

They usually want a scoop and entertainment,

but you can learn from watching them.

So do that and watch these interviews with a technical point of view.

How do they try to create rapport?

And you copy bits of that.

How do they probe?

What suggestive probes do they use?

What indirective probes do they use?

What probing tactics do they use?

So be prepared, simply by reading and so on.

The second trick of the trade is know your topic and

that's very often underestimated.

If you are going to do an interview, you really, really,

really have to know what you want to know.

If you really know what you want to know,

you have to think less about that during the interview.

So be prepared also on your topic and the third bit,

you can't be prepared on it, because you can't learn to interview

just from watching a few lectures or reading books on interviewing.

You can't learn to swim by reading books on how to swim,

so you have to practice a lot.

Practice by doing interviews, by doing lots and lots and

lots of interviews and doing interviews.

Every time when you do an interview, you learn something new and

the panic really will get less.

At first, it will be tremendous, but you learn by doing and

then you need to listen to this recorded interviews.

You have to probably watch it, even on video or

at least listen to the audio and probably over and over again.

What did you miss?

Because very often, you miss important clues.

You miss important traits in what people tell you and

what you also need to do is transcribe it.

Because by transcribing, by getting very detailed on what you say,

how you probe, how you interview, how you do this small talk,

you learn a lot about yourself as an interviewer.

You don't need to share that with the world,

you just need to do the transcription for yourself and learn from it for yourself.

So practice a lot,

you won't learn how to interview just by watching these lectures, I'm sorry.

4.7 Interviewing, a final thought

定性研究方法

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