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1.11. First coded material

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1.11. First coded material

Welcome to the course! During Week 1, we are going to introduce you to the course (go through the Introduction, that’s very important). Then we shall start our work: getting acquainted with Arduino, the development environment and our first components. You will learn how to assemble circuits on a breadboard and will write your first program and assemble your first device. Don’t forget about the DIY section, which is also very important

For many years now, people have been improving their tools, studying the forces of nature and bringing them under control, using the energy of the nature to operate their machines. Last century is noted for the creation of machines which can operate other machines. Nowadays the creation of devices that interact with the physical world is available to anyone. Our course consists of a series of practical problems on making things that work independently: they make their own decisions, act, move, communicate with each other and people around, and control other devices. We will demonstrate how to assemble such devices and programme them using the Arduino platform as a basis. After this course, you will be able to create devices that read the data about the external world with a variety of sensors, receive and forward this data to a PC, the Internet and mobile devices, and control indexing and the movement. The creation of such devices will involve design, the study of their components, the assemblage of circuit boards, coding and diagnostics. Along with the creation of the devices themselves, you will perform visualization on a PC, create a web page that will demonstrate one of your devices, and figure out how an FDM 3D-printer is configured and how it functions. Besides those keen on robotics or looking to broaden their horizons and develop their skills, the course will also be useful to anyone facing the task of home and industrial automation, as well as to anyone engaged in industrial design, advertising and art. The course does not require any special knowledge from the participants and is open even to students of upper secondary school. Programming skills and the level of English allowing to read technical documentation would be an advantage, but this is not obligatory. The entire course is dedicated to practice, so the best way for you would be to get hold of some electronics, follow the illustrated examples and experiment on your own. The kits can be purchased here: kits.cyberphysica.ru. Taught by: Alexey Perepelkin, head of Robotics department in the Laboratory of innovative educational technologies at MIPT Taught by: Dmitry Savitsky, researcher in the Laboratory of innovative educational technologies at MIPT

查看授课大纲

您将学习的技能

Electronics, Computer Programming, Arduino, Robotics

教学方

Алексей Перепелкин
Руководитель направления развития цифрового творчества
Дмитрий Савицкий
Научный сотрудник

脚本

At first, let’s describe in our own native language how a traffic light works

and develop its operation algorithm.

When we say that a traffic light works, we understand wat we mean by it.

But for the controller to run a program,

it needs to be described with utmost precision, together with all its operations.

For a start, we can give a real-life example of how a traffic light works.

How do we cross the road?

We have all known it since we were kids.

We were taught to look in both directions, etc. However, how do we describe it with utmost precision?

For starters, we approach the crossing and then look left.

We should check if there are any cars approaching from the left

and if there are none, we cross the road till its center.

After that, we should look right and check

if there are any cars approaching from the right.

If there are none, we can cross the second section of the road.

If there are cars approaching, we should wait until they have passed.

And only after that should we complete the crossing of the road.

In fact, we could have described these actions even in greater detail

all the way to how we should move our feet, turn our head, etc.

Similarly, we can describe how a traffic light works.

So how does it work exactly?

Signals of different colors light up alternately.

First, the red signal is on, then

for a short period of time, nothing happens with the traffic light.

After that, together with the red signal, the yellow is actuated.

They are now both actuated at the same time for one second.

After one second has passed, both signals are off, and the green one is on.

Some time passes, during which the green signal is on,

then it is put out and actuated again, and it is sort of blinking.

After the green signal has finished blinking, the yellow signal is actuated for one second,

then it is put out and the red signal is on again.

The cycle is afterwards repeated.

You already know that actuating a signal

involves applying the voltage on a certain contact.

I hope that you have already assembled your traffic light model and

connected it to Arduino. Now, in fact, you have everything to

code the traffic light so that it could work at its full capacity.

You can pause the video now,

you can look again at the described algorithm and at the example

which we analyzed in Linked and write your code on your own.

Just don’t forget that apart from the operation stage of the traffic light,

there is also a preparatory phase when we have to configure the port

which has output LEDs plugged in it.

Look here, we have sort of a scheme, which we have translated.

At first, we develop an algorithm in our native language,

and then we rewrite it in the programming language.

The transpiler will then create a computer code

which the controller understands.

The controller, in its turn, will convert the commands in signals

on certain ports, and we shall see how the device works with our own eyes

when these signals reach the LEDs of the actuator.

Now we can download the final code and see how it works.

Let’s look at the code that I have.

I hope that you have almost the same one.

At first, I determined 3 contacts as outputs.

They were the 3 contacts with the in-plugged LEDs.

Then in the loop, I started to turn the voltage on and off on these contacts.

I started with the pin, which has a red LED connected to it.

Then I created a delay while the red LED was on.

After that, I actuated the yellow LED together with the red one.

They were both on for one second.

Then I cut the voltage on both contacts.

Let me bring to your notice the fact that the controller doesn’t possess any

artificial intelligence, so it won’t do anything until you clearly

articulate to it that an action has to be performed.

This is especially evident in this fragment.

We actuated the red LED and then the yellow one together with it.

The red one stayed on, because there was no command about putting it out.

The command was given one second later, after both signals were on simultaneously.

Also, don’t forget to pay attention to the fact that I am oversimplifying when I am saying that we have actuated the red

or the yellow LED.

In reality, the controller does not have the faintest idea about

what is connected to its pins.

It can only turn the voltage on and off on a certain contact.

Let’s proceed.

After I put out the red and the yellow signals, I actuate the green one.

I wait for three seconds and then put it out too.

After that, I repeat the same actions three times, but with a short delay.

This is the blinking phase of the green light.

I only need to actuate the yellow signal now, and that’s what I’m doing.

I then turn it off.

The cycle, thus, finishes and recommences again when the red LED is actuated.

At this point, we can finally download the code for our first device.

However, we need to ensure beforehand

that we have chosen the right board and the right port.

After that, we start the download. I can’t see any errors at this point.

Here we go: red, red,

yellow, green, blinking green, yellow and red.

And no manual control at all!

Congratulations, we have created our first device!

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