这是一个全球化、信息化、快餐化的时代；全球化拷问着人们的文化根基，信息化拷问着人们的价值信仰，快餐化拷问着人们的经典阅读。 民族的就是世界的。为继承弘扬中华文化传统，我们特意打造这门课，希冀提供一个阅读哲学经典、传承中国文化、铸造民族精神的平台，让中国文化走向世界、走向未来。 本课分十个专题，分别介绍《周易》、孔子《论语》、老子《道德经》，《大学》与《中庸》，《庄子》，《孙子兵法》，《墨经》，《心经》，以及朱熹理学、王阳明《传习录》等著作和人物的思想。既有对儒释道经典的介绍，也有对理学、心学思想的阐释，以期以一种更广阔的视角看待中国传统哲学，让学生能够对中国传统哲学有一种全方位的认识。 课程大纲 第一章 《周易》导读 第二章 《道德经》导读 第三章 《论语》导读 第四章 《大学》《中庸》导读 第五章 《孙子兵法》导读 第六章 《墨经》导读 第七章 《心经》导读 第八章 《庄子》导读 第九章 朱熹理学相关著作导读 第十章 《传习录》导读
兵法最高的境界——因敌变化
Loading...
来自 Xi'an Jiaotong University 的课程
中国哲学经典著作导读
227 个评分
从本节课中
《孙子兵法》导读
将要导读的著作，对于爱好军事的同学是一个好消息，但是如果你认为它仅仅是一本军事著作，那显然你是OUT了。它缜密的军事、哲学思想体系，深远的哲理、变化无穷的战略战术，在现代远远不局限于一本军事著作的范畴，而是被广泛运用于政治斗争、商业竞争等各个领域。它就是《孙子兵法》。
在这一课程中，邓妙子老师的《孙子兵法》导读包括四个部分的内容：孙子其人其书，用间篇，谋攻篇和军势篇。本周课程需要同学们完成15道单元测试题和1道课堂讨论题。
与讲师见面
燕 连福教授
西安交通大学人文学院
韩 鹏杰教授
西安交通大学人文学院
龚 建平教授
西安交通大学人文学院
张 帆教授
西安交通大学人文学院
妥 建清教授
西安交通大学人文学院
李 重副教授
邓 妙子讲师
西安交通大学人文学院
雒 自新讲师
西安交通大学人文学院
After sending people to sweep the streets
he sat up in the city gate tower accompanied by two boys
playing music instrument.
It was reported
to Sima Yi.
Sima Yi came to see in person.
Sima Yi was also a strategist.
As far as tactics is concerned,
Zhuge Liang was slightly superior to Sima Yi,
but their competence was horse and horse.
Zhuge Liang attacked Wei six times and died in the end,
and the northern expedition also failed.
Sima Yi knew Zhuge Liang very well.
Zhuge Liang was prudent and would never take a risk.
So when he saw the empty town,
he was puzzled. Why?
Because Zhuge Liang today was not the one in the past.
Zhuge Liang had to adopt the scheme of empery city.
With the military strength much superior to the enemy, someone else
would have attacked and destroyed the town instantly.
But just because Sima Yi knew Zhuge Liang very well,
he dared not rashly attack it.
As Zhuge Liang always strived for surefire plans and was prudent.
he judged the empty town must be a smoke screen,
and there must be ambush nearby.
Sima Yi had to retreat.
After Sima Yi retreated, Zhuge Liang’s subordinates asked him
how he came up with such a wonderful foresight.
Zhuge Liang said “I’m sure that Sima Yi will believe that
I am always prudent and never take risks.
I take risks this time only because I have no choice.”
In other word, under the circumstance of
no generals and soldiers available,
he was at the end of his wits and had to break through
his consistent prudence, and adopted the scheme of empery city.
Zhuge Liang was resourceful,
but he could only adopt such wonderful scheme occasionally,
so it is very hard for an ordinary man
to break through himself and adopt wonderful schemes
all the time.
That Sun Zi’s The Art of War is extensive and profound is that
Sun Zi raised many aspects of warfare
to an optimal level. The next problem is that
in practice, which level a commander can reach
based on his disposition.
No one can reach the optimal level from ancient times
to the present.
This is the direct and indirect tactics dealt with in chapter five.
Next, I’ll talk about chapter six. In this chapter,
he dealt with the pair of contradictory and dialectical problems.
Finally I’ll summarize his whole tactical thoughts by
adopting a metaphor he used in chapter six.
Here is the summary.
The metaphor is about water.
Many saints in China liked to use water in metaphors.
Sun Tzu also used water to explain tactical dispositions.
He explained that tactical disposition
was just like water avoiding high places and flowing downward.
That is, the art of war is just like water.
An unchangeable property of water is that
it always flows downward.
If you want to win, there is also an unchangeable law,
that is, using the strong points to attack weak points.
Once we master this unchangeable law, that is,
water flows downward, we can also use
the strong points to attack the weak points. Is it enough?
It is far from enough, as there are thousands of rivers in the world,
but none of them flows down the same course.
Observe the shape of motionless water in natural state,
and see whether there are two identical lakes.
No. A river’s new flow direction and its new shape
in motionless state is always changing.
So, Sun Tzu said
“Water changed its flow direction with the terrain.”
That is to say water is always changing with
the terrain of its flow course. Even the shape of water
in its motionless state is ever-changing.
Tactics changes with the enemy.
So what is the most important thing in the warfare?
It is changing with enemy regardless of the conventional tactics.
So there are no constant situations in warfare, and a man
who can change with the enemy and win is called the god of war.
Even though tactics or the art of war
is talked a lot in books,
a good commander, after carefully reading these books,
should reach the optimal level of
flexibly changing with
The miliatary situation
instead of sticking to an old way and being an armchair strategist.
Now let’s fully review the metaphor.
Tactical disposition is just like water,water avoids high places and flows downward,
so in war, avoiding what is strong and to strike at what is weak;
water changes its course with the terrain,
and tactics should be changed with the enemy,
so there are no constant conditions in warfare.
He who can change with the enemy and win is called the god of war.
So the optimal level of tactics is
flexibly changing with the enemy,
and trying to make the enemy unable speculate your specific tactics.
The word “god” in ancient china did not always
have religion implication.
What did it mean?
As it was described in the Book of Changes,
The unpredictability of Yin and Yang is called “god”.
Yin and Yang is the fundamental drive to make all things change,
and the drive generates the basic law.
If you can grasp the Yin and Yang of a thing, namely its law,
you can grasp the thing.
It is same with tactics. If you grasp the basic military situations
and then know the law of your enemy’s tactics,
then it is impossible for the enemy to take surprise moves.
But if you can make yourself unpredictable for your enemy,
and he only knows that once
you adopted some tactics, took some surprise moves
and defeated him,
but he will never speculate where and when you will adopt
what kind of new tactics and make some surprise moves
to defeat him once again.
Then such a commander is what we called
the god.
It is the god of military, the god of war.
Okay, that’s all for today.
