这是一个全球化、信息化、快餐化的时代；全球化拷问着人们的文化根基，信息化拷问着人们的价值信仰，快餐化拷问着人们的经典阅读。 民族的就是世界的。为继承弘扬中华文化传统，我们特意打造这门课，希冀提供一个阅读哲学经典、传承中国文化、铸造民族精神的平台，让中国文化走向世界、走向未来。 本课分十个专题，分别介绍《周易》、孔子《论语》、老子《道德经》，《大学》与《中庸》，《庄子》，《孙子兵法》，《墨经》，《心经》，以及朱熹理学、王阳明《传习录》等著作和人物的思想。既有对儒释道经典的介绍，也有对理学、心学思想的阐释，以期以一种更广阔的视角看待中国传统哲学，让学生能够对中国传统哲学有一种全方位的认识。 课程大纲 第一章 《周易》导读 第二章 《道德经》导读 第三章 《论语》导读 第四章 《大学》《中庸》导读 第五章 《孙子兵法》导读 第六章 《墨经》导读 第七章 《心经》导读 第八章 《庄子》导读 第九章 朱熹理学相关著作导读 第十章 《传习录》导读
上善若水的启发
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来自 Xi'an Jiaotong University 的课程
中国哲学经典著作导读
225 个评分
从本节课中
《道德经》导读
“一个人在中国文化中被称为老子，大家还没什么意见，那这个人一定有蛮高的智慧才可以。”关于老子的记载并不多，在《史记》里边有《老子韩非子列传》共有四百五十个字左右提到过老子，从《老子韩非子列传》提到的关于“孔子向老子问道”的内容记载，我们可以引申出来中国文化和中国哲学的基本的架构其实就是儒道互补。朱光潜先生曾说过，以往发生的很多轰轰烈烈的事儿和我们有多少干系呢，只有那些思想家的智慧像黑夜中的星星，在黑暗中指点我们前进的道路。让我们跟着课程，寻找智慧的光芒。
与讲师见面
燕 连福教授
西安交通大学人文学院
韩 鹏杰教授
西安交通大学人文学院
龚 建平教授
西安交通大学人文学院
张 帆教授
西安交通大学人文学院
妥 建清教授
西安交通大学人文学院
李 重副教授
邓 妙子讲师
西安交通大学人文学院
雒 自新讲师
西安交通大学人文学院
the Chinese word “Shuo” consists of two part:
one is “Yan” which means speak, the other is “Dui” which means fulfill a promise.
You make promise if you can fulfill, and if you can’t, do not make promise.
So Laozi said in the 63th chapter of Tao Te Ching,
He who lightly promises is sure to keep but little faith
If you make too many promises,
others may think you are talkative.
If you fail to keep the promises, people may think that
you are worse than your words, and unfaithful,
So he who lightly promises is sure to keep but little faith
means that we make promise if we can fulfill,
and if we can’t, don’t make promise.
This is the fifth virtue : “sincere in speech.”
The sixth virtue “establishing order in government”.
As citizens, we all long for a government
which is good at governing a country and leading people.
What is a good government?
Lao Zi thought that a good government is as clear as water.
It mainly selects two important virtues of water.
One is that water stands for justice.
Look at the Chinese character “法”("Fa" which means law)
the original character of the right part “灋”means unicorn
using its horn to fight against evil things.
But now it has turned into “去” means go or leave
But the left part “氵” of the character can’t be changed
Because “氵” which means water standing for justice.
Another virtue of water is integrity.
So there are only two important symbols for a good government
namely, justice and integrity
So “establishing order in government” just means the government should be as clean as water.
We all expect a government with justice and integrity,
which has been a wish since ancient time.
What is the seventh virtue of water?
That is “in deeds，effectiveness”；
Water has a variety of abilities,
and it can fulfill every task very well.
It actually reminds us that we should be like water,
which is versatile and expert in one and good at many things.
Only we are knowledgeable
and versatile
can we stand higher and have a better development.
Thus it is the seventh virtue of water, “in deeds, effectiveness”
What is the eighth virtue of water?
It is “in actions, timeliness”
I’ll say something more about it.
We all know that water is good at grasping the opportunity.
in Liu Yuxi poem,
Water，the clearest with ultimate beauty, From a drop flows to a thousand miles away.
Nurturing people and things, running and pausing on its way.
It moves and pauses when it’s necessary
So water is still when there is no opportunity,
and moves when there is opportunity.
If you can read a Chinese map or world map carefully,
You will find that
there is not a straight river in the world.
All the rivers are winding,
but their goal will never change.
All rivers flow eastward into the sea,
{\fnSimHei\fs20\shaand no matter how winding it is, flowing eastward into the ocean is their goal.d0\pos(200,280)}不管多曲折 最后东流到海是它的目标
I’d like to tell you a story in order to help you understand
that water is good at grasping opportunity.
Once an eminent monk
told his two disciples before his death.
You two climb the ridge from the foot to its top.
The one who got there first
would be granted with the mantle and alms bowl
which are the tokens of a group’s head.
So the two disciples went to the foot of the ridge.
One of them tried very hard to climb along the steep cliff.
Although each time he fell off the cliff, he persisted in climbing up.
The other one looked at the ridge carefully.
He thought that the cliff was too steep to climb up,
so he took a roundabout way to reach the destination.
Now you may know the outcome.
One was trying very hard to climb up along the steep cliff,
falling off the straight cliff and persisting in climbing again and again.
The other took a roundabout way, but reached the destination in advance.
So in some cases, if we can’t achieve the goal directly, we can achieve it indirectly.
Water also gives us such enlightenment.
So “in actions, timeliness” means
no matter how many obstacles it runs into, it will make a detour when necessary,
but it follows its goal all the way.
What I want to make you clear is
how water grasps the opportunity. Sometimes water achieves its goal
by using its tender characteristic to find another way to achieve its goal.
In terms of moves, we take rain for example.
Rainwater can make best use of opportunities.
You know the rain in spring.
When seeds start to sprout,
a heavy rain will do harm to the seeds
So the rain in spring is like this:
Propitious rain knows the season, it occurs mostly in spring.
It follows the wind secretly into the night, and moistens things silently.
The life-giving spring breeze and rain, and it comes right in time.
The rain becomes heavy when plants need to be irrigated in summer.
In winter, water becomes more capable.
It turns into snow and covers the ground, and even becomes ice and hides away.
The colder the weather is, the harder the ice becomes.
When snow and ice is melt, the spring comes.
So, these are all the virtues of water
mentioned in chapter eight.
If we read the whole book, we’ll find that
water’s specific of wisdom and virtue of softness overcoming rigidity,
which I’ll explain afterwards.
Ok, everybody,
Now I’d like to give you a brief summary in vivid words.
Water prefers staying at lower position is because of its modesty
That all rivers run into sea is because of its grace.
Dripping water wears through a stone is because of its perseverance.
flowing eastwards into sea is because of its pursuit.
Many things in nature
can give us various enlightenment of wisdom and virtue,
which is worth studying and pondering.
This is the specific content of learning from nature.
Ok, everybody, that’s all for today.
See you next time
