这是一个全球化、信息化、快餐化的时代；全球化拷问着人们的文化根基，信息化拷问着人们的价值信仰，快餐化拷问着人们的经典阅读。 民族的就是世界的。为继承弘扬中华文化传统，我们特意打造这门课，希冀提供一个阅读哲学经典、传承中国文化、铸造民族精神的平台，让中国文化走向世界、走向未来。 本课分十个专题，分别介绍《周易》、孔子《论语》、老子《道德经》，《大学》与《中庸》，《庄子》，《孙子兵法》，《墨经》，《心经》，以及朱熹理学、王阳明《传习录》等著作和人物的思想。既有对儒释道经典的介绍，也有对理学、心学思想的阐释，以期以一种更广阔的视角看待中国传统哲学，让学生能够对中国传统哲学有一种全方位的认识。 课程大纲 第一章 《周易》导读 第二章 《道德经》导读 第三章 《论语》导读 第四章 《大学》《中庸》导读 第五章 《孙子兵法》导读 第六章 《墨经》导读 第七章 《心经》导读 第八章 《庄子》导读 第九章 朱熹理学相关著作导读 第十章 《传习录》导读
五种用间计谋
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来自 Xi'an Jiaotong University 的课程
中国哲学经典著作导读
221 个评分
从本节课中
《孙子兵法》导读
将要导读的著作，对于爱好军事的同学是一个好消息，但是如果你认为它仅仅是一本军事著作，那显然你是OUT了。它缜密的军事、哲学思想体系，深远的哲理、变化无穷的战略战术，在现代远远不局限于一本军事著作的范畴，而是被广泛运用于政治斗争、商业竞争等各个领域。它就是《孙子兵法》。
在这一课程中，邓妙子老师的《孙子兵法》导读包括四个部分的内容：孙子其人其书，用间篇，谋攻篇和军势篇。本周课程需要同学们完成15道单元测试题和1道课堂讨论题。
与讲师见面
燕 连福教授
西安交通大学人文学院
韩 鹏杰教授
西安交通大学人文学院
龚 建平教授
西安交通大学人文学院
张 帆教授
西安交通大学人文学院
妥 建清教授
西安交通大学人文学院
李 重副教授
邓 妙子讲师
西安交通大学人文学院
雒 自新讲师
西安交通大学人文学院
Today, I'll talk about Using Spies,the thirteenth pieces of writing of The Art of War.
Let's first look at its title
which in broader sense
involves the issue of military intelligence.
involves the issue of military intelligence.
so in this chapter he deals with the issue of spies,
in other word, collecting military intelligence.
At the beginning of
this chapter,
the author firstly paves the way and then proposes his idea.
what way does he pave?
"It took hundreds of thousands of soldiers several year
and cost lots of money to win a battle in a day".
So
if a commander in chief doesn't rely on money and spies
to collect military intelligence,
he will be considered extremely foolish,
In this sense,he firstly emphasizes
the importance to collect intelligence
Then, he puts forward his significant ideas.
The first idea
he puts forward
is being a prophet.
Here it doesn't refer to
the prophet in religion.
In classic Chinese,
the word just means
foreseeing the enemy.
That is we need to get the upper hand by collecting enemy's military intelligence.
If we know enemey's military intelligene, and the enemy don't know ours,
we are initiative for we are in the shade, and the enemey are in the light.
The enemy are passive for we know their military intelligence.
The importance of foreseeing the enemy
can be seen in our daily life.
The wisdom in military confrontation
in a sense, is just like
playing chess.
It is known to all chess players
that when you play chess with a more skillful player.
That is to say when we measure a player's skill,
the norm is you can foresee
how many moves of your rival.
If you can foresee one or two moves,
while your rival can foresee three or four moves,
you'll feel hopeless
when you play with your rival.
So, foresing the enemy
can help us
get the upper hand in battle,
which is the author's first viewpoint.
Here comes the second one.
How can we foresee the enemy?
it is not sensible to do it
through divination and analogy,
which was usually conducted by the monarch and his ministers.
However, Sun Zi disbelieved it,
and insisted on the rational approach.
Besides, he stresses
it is impossible
to foresee the enemy's military situation by analogy,
and the right way is
to use people.
In other word,
we must send professional spies
to collect military intelligence.
How do we send spies to collect military intelligence?
Here
Sun Zi classifies the ways of using spies
into five categories.
The first is the local spy.
After occupying the enemy's territories,
we can collect the military intelligence from the local people.
The second is the inward spy,
We can use large sum of money to bribe the enemy's officials to work for us,
regardless of whether they are civil officials or military officials.
The senior their positions are, the better.
The third is
the converted spy.
We can use the enemy's spies we know,
and then
make use of large sum of money
to bribe them in order to let them
work for us.
Today this kind of spies are called double agents,
but the key is that we can make them work for us.
The fourth is the doomed spy.
We send the false intelligence to enemy on purpose.
The intelligence
is sent by our spies,
Once the enemy believe this intelligence,
they'll pay a heavy price in the battle,
but when the enemy
finally know the truth,
our spies are doomed to die. That's why they're called doomed spies
The fifth is the surviving spy, which is equal to the present scout.
They are deep in the enemy's rear
to collect the military intelligence.
The above is
the five categories of
using spies.
Sun Zi thinks
"Wu Jian Ju Xia"
"Mo Zhi Qi Dao"
"Gui Shen Mo Bian"
"Ru Ci Shi Ren Jian Zhi Bao"
It means
we should integratedly use these five kinds of spies
so as to make the enemy confused,
and thus make the full use of spies
to achieve unpredictable results.
That is the second aspect,
five categories of using spies.
