Item-Item on Unary Data

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来自 University of Minnesota 的课程

Nearest Neighbor Collaborative Filtering

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University of Minnesota

Nearest Neighbor Collaborative Filtering

178 个评分

课程 2（共 5 门，Specialization Recommender Systems）

In this course, you will learn the fundamental techniques for making personalized recommendations through nearest-neighbor techniques. First you will learn user-user collaborative filtering, an algorithm that identifies other people with similar tastes to a target user and combines their ratings to make recommendations for that user. You will explore and implement variations of the user-user algorithm, and will explore the benefits and drawbacks of the general approach. Then you will learn the widely-practiced item-item collaborative filtering algorithm, which identifies global product associations from user ratings, but uses these product associations to provide personalized recommendations based on a user's own product ratings.

从本节课中

Item-Item Collaborative Filtering Recommenders Part 1

Introduction to Item-Item Collaborative Filtering16:50

Item-Item Algorithm16:58

Item-Item on Unary Data6:19

Item-Item Hybrids and Extensions4:52

Strengths and Weaknesses of Item-Item Collaborative Filtering9:22

Interview with Brad Miller16:04

与讲师见面

Joseph A Konstan
Distinguished McKnight Professor and Distinguished University Teaching Professor
Computer Science and Engineering
Michael D. Ekstrand
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Computer Science, Boise State University

Welcome back, in this video, we're going to talk about how to adapt the item-item

collaborative filtering algorithm to work with implicit feedback or unary data.

We've talked about how to do it over rating data, but

it also works quite well over various kinds of unary data implicit feedback,

such as link clicks, song plays, product purchases.

But there are a few tweaks that we need to make for the algorithm.

If you want more details on this, I refer you to the Carapace paper

that's going to be linked to in the notes as accompanying this module.

So first, we need to represent our data.

We have the standard user item rating matrix but

we need to represent this kind of purchase data or play data.

What we can do, what's often done is using a logical 1/0 representation.

So an item is 1 if they, rating is 1 is they purchase and 0 if they haven't.

We can also use the purchase counter play count, so

if we have data about users playing songs, we can represent,

let's say the rating is the number of times the users played that song.

And 0, if it's 0 if the user has never played that song.

We don't pay too much attention to the zeros.

We represent things as zeros that, there's some issues with that.

For example,

the fact that they have not played a song doesn't mean they don't like the song.

It might just mean they don't know about the song.

But, for the purposes of computing our recommendations with item-item,

we don't worry about that.

Also, in a large item space,

most items are not going to be relevant to any given user.

So, the zero's are probably irrelevant items

even though some of them may be items to use you would very much like.

There is also mean-centering we have a bunch of ones,

mean-centering is not useful for thing to do.

But instead, what we can do is we can normalize vectors to unit vectors.

If we normalize the user vectors to unit vectors,

then we get this notion that users who like many items,

provide less information about the value of any particular item.

We can also, if we have count data we can apply a log function to it,

to decrease the impact of very large counts.

Cosine similarity still works for

computing the similarities between users or between items, works quite well.

We can also use conditional

probability as was done in

the Deshpande and Karypis paper.

So our cosine similarity,

the w i j = cos( r ),

usually normalized.

Or w i j = probability that the user

purchased i given that they purchased j.

And there's some additional modifications that you can make to improve that.

It becomes very, very similar to association rules.

You can think of it effectively as plugging the association rules into

the item-item collaborative filtering algorithm.

It's not symmetric, so if you're doing the model build with conditional probability,

you have to be very careful to make sure that you're using the probability function

the right way.

Because the probability of ri given rj is not

equal to the probability of j given i.

We also have to change how we aggregate the scores.

For counts, etc., weighted average still works fine, but for

binary 0/1 data, the weighted average doesn't work.

And the cy, the cy, suppose that we computed the weighted average,

But the ratings

Are a bunch of 0s and 1s.

So for the items the user's bought, you're summing up the weights multiplied

by a bunch of 1s and then you're dividing by the weights again which equals 1.

Which is not a very useful way to distinguish between different

relevancies of items, if all the items have relevance of 1 or

not a number because there are no related items.

So instead what we can

do is we say this S (u,

i) = the sum of the j and

the items purchased by you, w i j.

We can also truncate this

So we only consider the top k items.

The neighborhood selection strategy is unchanged,

we still pick the most similar items.

So in conclusion, item-item basically works for unary data.

There's a few things you have to change.

You'll need to test the variance with your data, your context, and

again, the material in the next course in evaluation is going to help you

to do that.

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