6.12. Accounting and valuation – final conclusions

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来自 Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology 的课程

Core Concepts of Accounting – Numbers and People

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Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology

Core Concepts of Accounting – Numbers and People

个评分

课程 3（共 5 门，Specialization Understanding Modern Finance）

Whenever the word “accounting” is pronounced, it is immediately associated with the need to memorize endless boring numbers. However, it is the common financial statements that contain important information that provides inputs for valuation of investment projects. The only challenge is how to properly extract them. Accounting and finance are indeed intertwined. Sometimes people that are not experienced in the area even mix them up. But most often emphasis in accounting is on numbers. Still, the deep understanding of key accounting concepts helps reveal the interests and actions of people behind these numbers. And the human dimension of accounting adds invaluable insight in the potential of successful project implementation. This Course discusses core ideas and concepts of both financial and managerial accounting. It by no means pretends to be comprehensive to any extent. But, being rather an accounting overview, it focuses on the issues that are most relevant and important for effective valuation of investment projects. The learners will gain insight into the essence of accounting. They will be able to use the obtained knowledge and skills to successfully advance in their career at a financial institution, as well as in the area of financial management at non-financial businesses. To pursue a career in accounting, a more detailed study is strongly recommended.

从本节课中

Budgets and Responsibility Accounting. Accounting and Valuation – Final Conclusions

Week 6, the final week of the Course, is devoted to the discussion of budgets and responsibility accounting as powerful tools of improving efficiency and quality of managerial decision making. A comprehensive example of preparing the operational budget will help reveal the interdependence of different areas of management in the budgeting process. We will also discuss responsibility accounting in some more detail to follow relationships between decision makers, processes, and results – or, as we call it, numbers and people. We will comment on some major trends in approaching budgeting in the fast changing, uncertain, and complex world. Finally, we summarize the contribution of accounting to the valuation of investment projects. As a result, you will be able to successfully apply the obtained knowledge and skills well beyond accounting, but in any financial and managerial area.

6.1. Budgets – an overview. The budgeting cycle11:23

6.2. Budgets, planning and project management13:20

6.3. The master budget – an idea6:23

6.4. Operational budget – the data (1)13:09

6.5. Operational budget – the data (2)5:22

6.6. Preparing operational budget (1)3:16

6.7. Preparing operational budget (2)6:58

6.8. Preparing operational budget (3)6:40

6.9. Preparing operational budget (final steps)7:44

6.10. Budgeting and responsibility accounting16:57

6.11. Changes in budgeting – major trends8:01

6.12. Accounting and valuation – final conclusions7:13

与讲师见面

Konstantin Kontor
Director and Professor of Finance and Strategy
American Institute of Business and Economics (AIBEc)

I welcome you all in the final episode of this course.

And whenever we reach this nice point,

it's time to draw some conclusions.

And I specifically prepared them for all of you in these pages,

just for you to be able to take a look at

that and think and recall something what we have done so far.

First of all, I wrapped up financial accounting at the very end of the third week.

So, here on the first page,

I briefly sort of recalling that.

We said that financial accounting is a language and set of standards that allows us to

better obtain these inputs that we need in valuation and financial accounting,

specifically the accruals part that contributes to better forecasting of cash flows.

And also, the special part of

financial accounting that deals with the financial statement analysis,

it reveals trends and signals performance.

Now, we see that again for our pragmatic approach

in how we can use that for valuation and for tracing and then catching a value,

we can see that if we speak this language fluently,

that allows us to come up with better inputs,

better forecasts, and also seeing these trends,

we again can fine tune our corporate finance models that lead to finding this value.

And therefore, this is all kind of equipping us with some weapons if you will.

And now, this is also the time to say

a few words about how managerial accounting helps us.

And here, we have to go back and recall that Brealey & Myers

in their Corporate Finance book oftentimes groped

this idea that the project is not a black box.

In our analysis of this investment project,

in terms of valuation,

we have to actually not only limit ourselves of what is

observed from the outside and this is a scope of financial accounting as we will know,

but also we have to go inside.

And this is exactly what is achieved by the understanding and

proper application of major ideas and concepts of managerial accounting.

We know that managerial account deals with costs and cost drivers,

that the activity-based costing,

links cost to and sometimes revenues too to activities,

and the key stories of managerial accounting focuses on relevance that,

that is a bridge to corporate finance that is very, very clear.

Here, we can say that this part of managerial accounting,

that sort of cost accounting if you will in its clear form,

that contributes to the better understanding of value drivers.

So again, better understanding.

So, it's not only the numbers that we take from financial accounting,

but we also see what,

how these numbers should be thought of and how sometimes they can be even

adjusted to come up with a better valuation of a project or a company.

And then the second part of

managerial accounting approach was dealing with budgeting and responsibility accounting.

And here we said that this is the area in which we see this

pronounced links between costs and people in the more direct way.

We said that although it is indeed

the story of people versus numbers and the other way around if you will,

but it is the approaches of budgeting and responsibility accounting that

allows to not only achieve these links,

but also to positively contribute to achieving results because remember,

budgets are planned so this is a looking forward approach.

And responsibility accounting allows you to see who knows best,

who is the most informed,

who can contribute better to the higher probability of actually

achieving the bottom line result that will

be at least no worse than they had been planned.

So, all that leads us to some bigger statements if you will.

We can say that accounting in general allows us to fill formulas with

actual numbers and understanding accounting

allows us to use corporate finance models more effectively.

Again, you can say, "Well,

this is sort of a minor goal."

Well, yes or no.

Because as I was saying before,

no one promised to you that you will become

the specialist in advance of staying of accounting procedures.

But, we have so far reached quite an advance understanding of

the core of these issues and how they influence other important areas in finance.

And that in itself leads us to

the following final statement before we

wrap up this course completely and this is what we will do with all that.

And we can say that to the extent,

accounting is instrumental in our analysis of value creation.

Now, it's time to combine our knowledge of capital markets, corporate finance,

and accounting and apply that all to the analysis of value creation

in some areas that provide the most dramatic examples,

the most acute cases.

And this is the area of mergers and acquisitions,

that will be the scope of our next course,

the final course of this specialization.

Now, the story in M&A is special.

And although we see some of these transactions and the results of them as fairy tales,

we have to remember that although most fairy tales have a happy end,

but then, there are certain obstacles on this path.

Again, when the clock strikes at midnight, then Cinderella escapes,

so does value in many cases of M&As.

I thank you all for having stayed with me in this accounting course.

I wish you good luck with your assignments in respect to

this course and I will see you all in our M&A course,

the final course of this specialization.

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