Hello everyone, I am Dr. Hui Ren from Xi'an Jiaotong University. The sudden attack of COVID-19 is related to people both in China and to the whole world. Before COVID-19, our human beings have suffered from SARS and MERS. So today let's talk about these three kinds of infectious disease. The lecture will cover these three parts. First of all, let's talk about the introduction of the Coronavirus. Coronavirus is a kind of the single and the positive strand RNA, is coated by the envelope with the corolla-like spikes. It's named after coronavirus because it's the corona shape. There are four genera of coronavirus. It has been known that there are six kinds of the coronavirus infecting people, and to the sevens, is this kind of the new virus. To our knowledge, Hong Kong University 1, SARS, MERS, and this Novel Coronavirus can cause pneumonia. The later three viruses can cause severe infectious pneumonia. Well, this is three kinds of Coronavirus all belong to the Beta genuses. They are different in their diameters. 2019 Novel Coronavirus gene, about 85 percentage homologous with SARS virus. The receptor of the SARS and the Novel Coronavirus are same, which is ACE2, and to the MERS is CD26. Next, let's compare of their characteristic. First, outbreak and infection. Up to now, the overall number of infected people around the world is 8,427 for SARS, 1,135 for MERS, and 105,335 for COVID-19. As for the death toll, it's 919 for SARS, 427 for MERS, and 3,587 for COVID-19. Hubei province of China is the most serious province of the epidemic. The epidemic has already spread to the South Korea, Japan, Iran, Italy, and to the other countries. Next, let's compare these three kinds of the pneumonia through three elements of the infection disease. It has been confirmed that the bats are the source host of SARS, and the civet cat, are the intermediate to the host. For MERS, the source is the camel and the original source host may also be bat. However, the host of the COVID-19 remains unknown. Experts tends to bats, snakes, minx, and the civets. All three kinds of pneumonia show human-to-human transmission where COVID-19 shows longer incubation period. All the three kinds of pneumonia were susceptible, among which COVID-19 manifested wider routes for transmission. Confirmed routes including the respiratory droplets, contact, and aerosol. Aerosol transmission, it's quite new to public. It means that the integration of the air with droplet and droplet nucleus. It can lead to infection after inhalation. How about the clinically manifestation? Three kinds of the pneumonia have quite similar in nature clinical importance. Fever at different degree, fatigue, and the dry cough. When SARS patients show the continuous high fever, severe and critical COVID-19 patients have moderate a lower fever, even not a fever at all. Severe patients usually can develop to a RTS rapidly. Laboratory test of these three kinds of the pneumonia are almost the same, which is in line with the characteristic of the virus infection. Routine blood tests usually show normal or decreased white blood cells. Decrease the lymphocyte, increased the CRP, and also increased in creatinine, LDH, muscle enzyme, and the myoglobin. Nucleic acid testing is applied as the gold standard for diagnosis. Samples includes the nasopharynx swab, sputum, lower respiratory secretions, blood, and the feces. In severe patients, doctors may also detect progressively decreased lymphocytes, increase the troponin, D-dimer and the inflammatory factors such as the Interleukin 6. Then how about the imaging features of these three kinds of pneumonia? This is the dynamic imaging of a SARS patient. At Day 3, things are onset, small GGO image could be observed in lung. At Day 9, multiple GGO image in both two lungs, together with the crazy paving sign. At Day 20, multiple large GGO image in both lungs, and at Day 25, we can see consolidation image, and it developed into white lung in the end. Imaging of MERS show the several features lacks the exudation GGO, and also consolidation imaging. Next, let's look at some real cases of the COVID-19 influenza. Case 1, it's a young people with the Wuhan business travel. Chest CT showed us patchy exudation into lungs, GGO, and the consolidation, thickening blood vessels in lesion. It's very important for us to recognize the disease. Let's see the Case 2. This chest CT showed multiple patchy imaging and the crazy paving sign is really similar as the SARS imaging. Next one, is a female, woman. Chest CT shows the peripheral multiple GGO and the consolidation with the fibriosis. The lesion with over 50 percentage, and this one is a critical case. Let's make a simple conclusion. Imaging features of COVID-19 can be divided into three stage; early stage, progressing stage, and the severe stage. At early stage, lesions are atypical, which make it as easy to miss, thus we should pay more attention. Treatment of three kinds of the pneumonia are same basically. First is to determine treatment site. Severe and critical patients will be automated by the intense care unit. Secondly, common treatment contains bed rest, support, biochemical monitoring, suitable oxygen therapy, antiviral treatment, and the anti-bacterial treatment. The third part, is the treatment of the severe and the critical patients. Apart from the treating basic disease and preventing complications, we should also pay attention to the prevention of the secondary infection organ support, is partially to the respiratory and circulatory system. The last section, let's talk about how to prevent virus. They should keep in mind what are Coronavirus afraid of. Item 1 is the heat. Thirty minutes in 56 centigrade can effectively deactive viruses. Item 2 is disinfection. Using suitable disinfectants such as the Ether, 75 percentage, the ethanol can inactive the virus. What's more? Please keep these four points in your mind: Wear mask, stay at home, wash hands, and kept good mood. I believe that the fight against the COVID-19 will come triumphantly eventually. May the best to China. May the best to the world. This is a Dr. Hui Ren From Xi'an Jiaotong University. Thanks for you're watching