Hello, this is the last video in this specialization. Now we've been through a lot together. And I just want to spend a couple of minutes reminding you about the most important ideas of this course. If you remember, we started with the part about script writing, storytelling, speech writing some might say. And the first part was the most important part of this course, I really, really believe that. When the story is right, it serves as a foundation for your delivery skills and the reverse is almost never true. So there, work on your story. And the first part was about goals. We've established that presentations are often boring, confusing and unconvincing, and the way to fight that is to set proper goals. Now informative goals are often boring. So most of the time, sometimes you can inform, but most of the time you need to motivate. You need to move the audience towards a certain goal, towards action. Sometimes you can help the audience to make a decision. This is a 100% cooperative situation, you're not selling anything, you're trying to help them. The second part was about interest, was about conflict. One thing on which we hope our critics will agree that a play, a presentation, should have conflict. We need conflict because we need that narrative arc, because we need those ups and downs, because we don't want monotony, right? We want variety, and in order to have variety, something bad needs to happen. You can say there's a problem, like global warming is a problem. And you can say, they are the problem, there are some bad people causing global warming, for example. You can say we are the problem, or maybe we were the problem. Or you can say, your thinking is the problem. And this is the most important thing because this is all about changing your audience's point of view. And you change your audience's point of view with evidence, right? Evidence which could be causal, anecdotal, stories, statistical, or expert. And then, in the fourth part, we talked about the middle, about analogies, metaphors, reframings. And different ways of packaging, compacting the middle of your presentation, location, alphabet, time, category, and hierarchy. The fifth part was about language, about differences between written and spoken language. And about differences between powerful and powerless, wait a second, cooperative language. And it was also of plain language, and plain language, of course, is about logical structure, active voice, everyday words, short sentences, you and other pronouns. And in the last part, in the sixth part, we talked about introduction and ending, and introduction is mostly about building rapport, or building trust. And it's about your character, whether you are an honest person. Whether you have motivation to help the audience in this particular instance, and whether you are competent to do so. And few things to do in the end, we state the main point, call-to-action, right? Summarize key arguments, do the moral bit, optional, and you can get back to the beginning, which is also optional. This is, by the way, what I'm doing right now, right? And finally, we have this whole presentation structure, and what do we do next? We design slides, right? And in the first part, we've learned about different design principles, things like focus, contrast, and unity. And focus is about priorities, it's about asking yourself a question. Is that more important than that? And contrast is about visual interest. How can we separate those things? Because once again, we seek variety, not monotony. And unity is mostly about deleting things, right? And then we talked about templates, about backgrounds, logos, colors, and typefaces. And there was a huge lecture about typefaces, which some of you may remember. And we came up with this matrix, and there are two dimensions. If you remember, there are fonts that are traditional and contemporary, and then there are fonts that are warm or cool. And we need to choose a typeface which represents our brand's character. Then there was a part on typography, and typography is about hierarchy, and composition, and typographic illustration, and working with tables. Then we talked about emotional illustrations, things like icons, and vector art, and photography, and combining them together to produce a slide. We talked about icons and the way we use them to explain and remind. And detailed photos, and we use them to impress and improve. And then we talked about chart-like diagrams and data visualization, hierarchical, process charts, and relationships, and then columns, and bars, lines, and everybody's favorite, pie charts. And then there was a final bit on delivery, and there were four weeks in delivery. The first one was about preparation and stage fright. And this is the most important slide in this module, seriously. I know this is like the fourth time I am showing this slide to you, but I think this is key, you have to rehearse. You can do mental rehearsal, you can do out loud rehearsal, or you can record yourself and be amazed with the result. The second part was about voice and eye contact, and how that changes your voice. It was about pace, and time, and gestures, and posture. The third part was about maintaining contact with the audience, about observing their non-verbals, about asking them questions, about polling them with different, mostly software, instruments. And what kinds of questions can you ask your audience? It could be closed, it could be open, could be questions about facts, could be questions about opinions. And questions about facts are sometimes boring, but questions about opinions are never boring. What do they think about? And people are willing to share their opinions. And their opinions could be about content or process. They could be about the content of your presentation, what you said. Or about process, how you said it. And finally, there was this fourth part about Q&As, and all things that require bits of improvisation from you. And it was about how we can filter questions and not answer 90% of uncomfortable questions. About how you can answer questions, some of them uncomfortable, and about different tough situations, which as a rule do not happen. And this is it, and this is almost the end, and I think we've been through a lot together. And I think that you are ready. I think you are ready to do that final task, so go and rock. Show them what you've learned. And I would like to end with a quote, and this is my favorite quote of all. I have a huge collection of quotes, and this is the best. I've been saving it for the last bit. It's from Stephen Hawking, and the quote goes like this, for millions of years mankind lived just like the animals. Then something happened which unleashed the power of our imagination. We learned to talk and we learned to listen. Speech has allowed the communication of ideas, enabling human beings to work together, to build the impossible. With the technology at our disposal, the possibilities are unbounded. All we need to do is to make sure we keep talking, so go and keep talking. Thanks very much.
