Have you ever viewed a news report depicting the aftermath of a devastating natural disaster? The damage to human life and property are both staggering and heartbreaking. All parts of the world face the possibility of floods, hurricanes, tornados, fires, landslides, earthquakes, tsunamis, and other natural phenomena. Are you prepared if disaster would strike you? This course will help you prepare! The course is appropriate for any learner who is proactive about developing the core competencies of disaster readiness and survival planning. It is especially useful if you are seeking techniques that can ensure your personal protection, as well as the safety of your family, property, and belongings, during a natural disaster. In addition, it offers essential preparation for a variety of emergency situations and inconveniences, even if you do not live in major tornado, flood, hurricane, tsunami, or earthquake zone. For instance, could you and your loved ones manage without access to potable water, electricity, fuel, and banking facilities? If you are unsure of your ability to respond in any of these possible scenarios, this course is for you! Throughout the course, you will be introduced to the Disaster Cycle, specifically the Mitigation and Recovery phases, and will create an extensive personal preparedness plan for survival in the absence of common amenities, such as food and water, shelter, and communication. You will also acquire practical, easy-to-apply strategies for maintaining a healthy attitude during disaster which can allow you to remain calm, avoid panic, and draw upon inner and outer resources in dire circumstances. Although death may be an inevitable outcome of extreme circumstances, a balanced outlook can provide comfort for all parties involved. Finally, issues of how institutions and governments can aid in disaster are also discussed. If you are interested in this topic you may be interested in other online programs at the University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing. Learn more about those programs by visiting our website: http://www.online.pitt.edu/nursing/nursing.php
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来自 University of Pittsburgh 的课程
灾难预案
316 个评分
从本节课中
Personal Preparedness Basics
There are a few extreme circumstances such as a 30 foot wall of water during a tsunami or a 10-point Richter scale earthquake that are so severe it is impossible to prepare for the disaster. However, in most cases people can take a few steps to ensure their survivability during a disaster. Personal preparedness involves being both physically and mentally prepared to meet basic needs for at least three days without outside help. Last module, we talked about the disaster cycle including mitigation, response, and recovery. In this module, our focus centers on the response phase. The disaster has hit and you are taking steps to survive and to be as safe and comfortable as possible. In the lectures, I will focus on food, shelter, water, and light in a disaster situation. In addition, we have on-site instructional videos that highlight survival skills such as fire-building and water purification. Do we have any campers in the class? For those of you who are campers, these skills will be a familiar review of basic wilderness survival techniques. The lectures will also give you ideas of supplies that you might want to include in your disaster kit. Take notes during the lectures to prepare for the discussion and quiz.
与讲师见面
Michael BeachAssistant Professor
School of Nursing
Alright, so let's talk a little bit about light.
flashlight and such needs to be in your disaster kit.
Light provides safety and comfort.
We here at least in the United States don't live in
a society where we are too comfortable wandering around in the dark.
Some of us are, but the vast majority of people are not.
So light
provides a degree of comfort, and also provides a degree of safety.
There's lots of options in regards to light.
there are lanterns, flashlights, headlights, chem sticks.
And all are going to be considered here.
Let's talk a little bit about lanterns.
Lots of different options as far as these are concerned.
They can be gas powered. They can be electric or battery powered.
Lots of different options as to, as far
as what's going to actually power the lantern.
They provide light in a circle around the lantern.
Some of these do have shields on one side to kind of make it more of a directional
light rather than the circle over a general area.
They are somewhat limited in their brightness, but they do provide a nice
comfortable light source.
You can hang them over an area to provide light for a
general area, for eating, for games or just comfort in the evenings.
They are potentially hands free.
You can hang them off a hook or tree branch or something along those lines.
You can set then on a table or stand so that they provide a general light source.
Depending on where you are, what part of the country you're in, and the
time of year, a lantern, like any light source is going to attract bugs.
So lanterns in the winter time, or in your house
aren't going to attract mosquitoes and moths and other things.
but if you're outside, a lantern is going to draw mosquitoes, draw the moths to you.
Let's talk about flashlights.
Handheld flashlights, these are, directional light sources.
and again lots and lots of different options with these.
there are large heavy flashlights madlights come to mind here.
They range from very small to multiple B cell lights that are
in, heavy aluminum casings.
Some are big rechargeable flashlights. and they are also very, very heavy.
or there are very, very small ones, as well.
There are lights that fit in your pocket or attach
to your belt, and are really quite small and innocuous.
There's many many different levels of brightness, along with how big they are.
you can have big lights that aren't very bright.
You can have small lights that are very, very bright.
so you have to decide what your needs are, and what your comfort level is.
All right, so there are some things to
consider when you're purchasing, or, or looking to
get a flashlight.
And I have to tell you, that over the years, I have amassed
a huge amount of flashlights and, and I know what works for me.
what works for you might be something very, very different.
So durability there are plastic flashlights
that are pretty much absolutely worthless.
they're usually quite cheap but if you
drop them once they're broken and that's, that.
There are aluminim
lights that are quite durable. depending on the bulb that's in them.
if that bulb heats up and you drop the flashlight the bulb is now burnt out.
So durability is really something you need to consider when looking at a flashlight.
I don't recommend flashlights that are plastic.
Unless it's a good heavy durable
heavy duty plastic, aluminum is heavier but certainly much, much, much stronger.
Aluminum flashlights last longer and the other advantage with aluminum flashlights,
is that it can be used for self defense if that's necessary.
If it's bright enough, that light alone will put somebody off
by shining it into their eyes or, if it comes to that you now have this heavy
metal object, even if it's relatively small, that can be used to
strike an attack, an attacker and help defend yourself in a difficult situation.
Let's talk about size and weight.
Large flashlights are heavy, smaller flashlights can be lighter.
and as I said they can be very bright and weigh not very much.
I don't reccomend big heavy flashlights.
I usually reccomend small bright flashlights
and having extra batteries for them.
Heavy flashlights.
and those that are a more durable nature, like
aluminum can be used, as I've said, for self defense.
Even the small ones, the aluminum can be used for
self defense, simply by shining it into their eyes to
facilitate your escape or by using it to strike the person.
Let's talk a little bit about brightness.
Brightness is measured in lumens.
I have to tell you from experience that if a flashlight isn't going to put
out at least 80 lumens or more, then I'm not even going to consider buying it.
I don't always need a light that is 80 lumens bright, but if I want light,
I usually want a pretty bright light.
headlamps are a good example. I don't use headlamps very much.
But a headlamp doesn't have to be very bright for me.
it can be just an easy light source that I use when I need to.
If I need a hand held light, I want it to be pretty bright.
Battery life and type.
this is something that you need to consider, how
long the batteries will last in the, in the flashlight.
How long they're going to last when they're
stored, and how long they'll burn with the flashlight.
There are small flashlights with small batteries, and they
put out a bright, bright light that is really great.
It will only last for about an hour, and then they're dead.
The ideal is a relatively
bright light, that is small, easy to carry, easy to
use and that's going to last a fairly long time.
Some batteries are special batteries, there are
alkaline batteries, there are lithium batteries and such.
you can go to the local grocery
store and get Duracell, and Eveready alkaline batteries.
these kind of flashlights are the kind of flashlights, rather
than use, these are, are probably going to be ideal.
some of the specialty batteries are going to be potentially problematic.
These batteries, these, these alkaline batteries
have improved greatly over the years.
if you're going to store the spare batteries
they, they now claim at least to last
for ten plus years.
That used to be the claim of the
lithium batteries but if the normal alkaline batteries
are doing that then a normal alkaline battery
flashlight is going to be a better choice.
So make sure that you have access to spare batteries.
Not just rechargeable batteries, but spare batteries.
Rechargeable batteries will need to be recharged, and if you're using
a flashlight, you may not have the power to do that.
Always, always, always have spare batteries for the flashlight.
Headlamps or geek lights that I mentioned before are a good source of light.
They are hands-free.
There's an elastic band that wraps around your head or clamps to your hat or
something of that nature.
Somehow, someway, they sit on or beside your
forehead and provide light in front of you.
Wherever you look, the light looks.
They come in a variety of brightness options.
Some headlamps even have a variety of light options within the lamp itself.
You click once for brights, twice for dimmer and
a third time for a different color, red, or green.
Lots and lots of options here.
Same thing with flashlights, as far as color goes.
And the reason for that concerns night vision.
or how used to the dark you are.
If you're switching from light to no light.
then going from white light particularly bright white light.
You have lost your night vision.
And it'll take 45 minutes or so for you to see again as you normally would.
Red or green light does not diminish your night vision as white light will.
So the variety of brightness options and color
options can be helpful in both headlamps and flashlights.
There are small and large battery packs,
I have seen some that Is in a 4 inch by 3 inch plastic case
that sits on the back of your head, while this huge light sits on your forehead.
And I've seen smaller ones that use two or three AAA batteries in them.
Personally, I will use a head lamp in the late fall, winter, and early spring.
I rarely use it in late spring, summer or early fall.
Because that light is sitting and shining right
above your eyes and attracts insects to that point.
Their going to be buzzing around like
crazy and I find this particularly annoying.
The other things I'll tell you about headlamps is that light is coming at the
same angle as your vision is. So, a lot of the detail and texture
gets washed out of what you're looking at. And
if you look at somebody, you're shining a light right in their eyes.
So for head lamps, I generally don't use a bright light unless I'm
using that head lamp to do something like really fine work and I
need a lot of light. Chem sticks, or chem lights,
are another option. Most of these are one use only.
You shake them up or twist them or activate them in
some particular way and they give off some sort of colored light.
Maybe yellow, green, it's not sunlight that comes from these sticks.
They are not overly bright. It's not a natural colored light,
but there are some advantages to these one you can light it and hook it on something
and, and use it as a signal, if you need to signal somebody or
mark a spot or mark something over the next three to six hours.
you can just turn it on and forget about it.
if you're traveling and, and you want to make sure
the person behind you doesn't get lost in the dark.
You can hook it to your pack.
And the person is going to be able
to follow that light through the woods or brush.
They're easy to store. they're very, very lightweight.
Chem lights, chem sticks are a good last resort light.
If you've got nothing else. And you need some light for something.
Or even just a little bit of comfort.
A chemlight is going to provide that for you.
So some final thoughts on lights.
I mentioned this already, but I'm going to mention it again, always, always,
always have spare batteries with you. I cannot emphasize how important this is.
We tend to gather electronics, or some of us do anyway, for our disaster kits.
We might have GPS units or radios.
Or something else in the unit or in our kit.
Try to gather lights and electronics that use
the same size and type of batteries, if everything
uses AA batteries you can have a large
source of AA batteries that will feed everything.
Otherwise you're going to have AA, AAA, C size, D size batteries.
And now this has increased both the size and
bulk of your kit as well as the expense.
And I think most importantly one thing to remember is you don't always need to
have a light on.
I spent a lot of time with new campers and new people in our search and rescue group.
And we go out at night we tell people, yep you have to
have a flashlight with you but you do not have to have it on.
After your eyes adjust, to what many of us consider darkness, your usually
quite fine, we're able to see pretty well, in that dim ambient light.
And once we get comfortable with that, it's really quite pleasant.
a flashlight, a lantern even, certainly a headlamp
gives us just one spot to look at.
And our eyes are drawn to that spot,
as opposed to the relative darkness around it.
If you're not using that light except when you absolutely have to.
Then your eyes are used to the dimness just as they are
used to in the daylight.
And we're able to look around and be far more aware of
our surroundings in that ambient light, than if we use a flashlight.
Don't always use a flashlight in the dark.
Use it when you need to, but don't always have it on.
