在这门课程中，你将会使用计算机通过HTML和CSS语言有创意地设计网页。之后，你将会运用Javascript开发程序和算法来让计算机解决问题。随着你学习的逐步推进，你会掌握编程流程，并将其并运用到之后的专业课程中。 在完成这门课的学习后，你可以做到: 1. 运用HTML和CSS制作网页； 2. 解释运用高级语言的编程过程； 3. 运用批判性思考解决问题； 4. 运用包含条件语句和循环语句在内的Javascript解决编程问题； 5. 运用Javascript来调控图像和处理数据； 6. 认识到调试程序是一种科学方法的应用。 在课程的最后，你将完成一个小项目。在这个项目中，你将会运用Javascript的算法来创建自己的图像，并运用HTML，CSS和Javascript建立一个网站。
Conditional Execution
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来自 Duke University 的课程
程序设计与 Web 入门
4414 个评分
Duke University
4414 个评分
课程 1（共 5 门，Specialization Java Programming and Software Engineering Fundamentals）
从本节课中
Algorithms and Programming Concepts
与讲师见面
Susan H. RodgerProfessor of the Practice
Computer Science
Robert DuvallLecturer
Computer Science
Owen AstrachanProfessor of the Practice
Computer Science
Andrew D. HiltonAssociate Professor of the Practice
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Welcome back.
Now that you know how to repeat steps with a for
loop, the only piece remaining to implement the green screen algorithm
is to be able to make decisions based on a condition.
In this algorithm we want it to look at a pixel, see if it's green and
then do different steps based on whether it was or was not green.
Now let's learn how to implement decision-making.
Decision-making is done with if/else statements.
Here you see an if/else statement,
which looks at the condition, Is x less than y?, and
it decides which of those statements to do based on whether that is true or false.
This example assumes that the variables are declared and initialized previously.
Let's break down the syntax.
First you have the keyword if, which tells JavaScript that you are writing and
if/else statement.
Next you have the condition to make a decision based on,
here it is x less than y.
This condition is an expression written inside a parentheses.
After the conditional expression, you have the "then clause".
The "then clause" is the set of statements to execute if the condition is true.
These are written inside of curly braces.
After the then clause is the keyword else.
Then the "else clause".
The "else clause" is a set of statements to execute if the condition is false.
Again, these are written in curly braces.
Sometimes you may see an if statement with no else clause, in which case,
both the keyword else and the else clause are omitted.
This is shorthand for an empty else clause, whenever the programmer
does not want to do anything in the case of a false condition.
Okay, now that you have the basic syntax, let's look at the semantics.
Here we have just reached this if statement
with our variables having the values shown on the right.
The first thing that happens is we evaluate the conditional expression.
Is x less than y?
To evaluate this,
we look at the values of these variables, the values they have in their boxes.
And see that we are checking if 2 is less than 7.
2 is less than seven, so this expression evaluates to true.
So since the condition is true, we go inside the then clause and
then begin executing statements there.
We execute the statements here according to their normal rules.
This next statement is an assignment statement, z = 2.
So we update z's box to have 2.
Now we have the closed curly brace of the then clause.
We are done with the statements here.
I need to skip over the else clause since those statements are only for
when the condition is false.
So we jump down past the end of the else clause.
We would then keep executing whatever code comes next.
Now let's look at the example again, but with different values for our variables.
We again begin by evaluating the condition expression.
Is x less than y?
However, this time x is 42 and y is 7 so, we're evaluating is 42 less than 7.
This expression evaluates the false since 42 is not less than 7.
Since a conditional expression evaluate defaults,
we jump into the else clause and begin executing statements there.
And again, we execute statements according to their normal rules.
First, a equals y plus one, which updates a to be 8.
Then y equals x minus 3 which updates y to be 39.
Now we are at the end of the else clause.
So can just go pass the } of the else clause and
begin executing whatever code comes next.
You have seen several important concepts separately.
But it's instructive to see them all put together as in this example.
One important thing to remember when putting pieces together
is that they generally follow the same rules, no matter how they are combined,
a concept called compositionality.
Let's see what this code does.
First, we declare a variable called img, and initialize it to a new SimpleImage.
Which is the two by two image you saw in previous examples.
Next there is a for loop which literates over each pixel in img.values.
We've already seen how this works and we will again follow the same rules.
We create a box for the pixel variable,
initialize it to the first pixel in our image, and go into the body of the loop.
Now, we have an if statement.
It does not matter what this if statement is inside of our loop.
It still follows the same rules.
Is 0 >= 2/2?
No, that is false, so we go into the else { and execute statements there.
This will set the pixel's blue to the pixel's red value,
which is 255, changing it from red to magenta.
Now we're at the end of the else clause.
So we go outside of it, which brings us to the closed curly brace of the for loop.
So we go to the next pixel.
And back to the top of the loop.
We again go into the loop body, but now the pixel x is 1.
So we're asking is 1 greater than or equal to 2 divided by 2?
That's true.
So we go into the then clause and execute the statements there.
Pixel.getRed divided by 2 is 0 divided by 2, which is 0.
So we set the pixels red to zero which foes not change anything
since it was already zero.
We are now at the end of the then clause.
We jump just past the close curly brace of the else clause.
We have again reached the end of the four loop.
So we go to the next pixel then jump back to the top.
This pixels x is 0 so we are again evaluating is 0 greater than or
equal to 2 divided by 2, which is false so we go into the else clause.
We execute that statement and leave the else clause and
go to the next pixel as we jump back to the top of the loop.
Going back into the loop for the last pixel, we evaluate the condition
which is true so we enter the then clause.
We are going to set the red to 127.5, but pixel set red will
round that to 127, since the pixel only works with integer RGB values.
Now the pixel is light Cyan instead of white.
We have reached the end of the then clause so we jump past the end of the outs clause
which brings us to the end of the four loop.
We go back to the top and there's no more pixels so
we jump past the end of the loop and begin executing whatever code might be there.
Thank you.
