So now we turn to how are humans part of an ecosystem. How are they interacting with? How are we interacting with and shaped by our environment? We will explore the meaning of the Anthropocene, a term that is being used by some to describe the current geological age, in recognition of the significant impact that human activities are having on the biosphere and the planet. And we will investigate management approaches, that are trying to balance human needs, and biodiversity. As you do all of this, you'll begin to grapple with the complexity of trying to implement conservation solutions in the face of these very complex or wicked problems. Which is a term we use to characterize situations and problems, where we have a number of dimensions to the problem, a number of factors that affect the problem, and no real clear cut solution. No concrete solution. Finally, we return to the question of can an ecosystem recover? But we're going to take it further. We're going to return to Gorongosa National Park to wrap up the course, but we'll shift from thinking not only about can an ecosystem recover, but also should it recover? And what does successful recovery look like? We're going to explore how conservation might have to adjust to future challenges, and really even present challenges, such as climate change, extinctions, and human population growth. And we'll also introduce the idea that a spectrum of conservation approaches rooted in ecology and ecological knowledge is necessary. From the preservation when really protection of land and species, to the integration of biodiversity into market economies, to the creation, and management of novel ecosystems. The lecture in the section that I will present, will really recap some of these ideas, and share with you some of my thoughts about what I think are the challenges as we look ahead. I hope that you have enjoyed the course, and that it has left you with a more sophisticated and a deeper understanding, of ecology, of this incredibly important field, and how it really underlies, what is I consider to be the premier challenge of our time, which is how to live on this planet in a sustainable way.