Compliance actually involves a lot more than you might think. A complete compliance program has to be more than the written policies and procedures and code of ethics that a company implements. After all, those can essentially just be pieces of paper. Enron and other companies that ultimately became examples of compliance and corporate governance failures drafted good codes of ethics, and extensively put them into place. They also had entire sets of compliance policies and procedures. But a complete compliance program has to be more than even the laws, rules, and regulations behind those policies and procedures, and it has to be more than the training, monitoring, testing, reporting, and other things that we've discussed. The compliance program is actually about getting people to follow those policies and procedures and act in a proper and ethical manner. As such, it has to involve areas that you might not traditionally think of as related to compliance. It needs to consider and incorporate aspects of philosophy, criminology, sociology, political science, history, comedy and entertainment, the science of social behavior and influence, and psychology. In order to figure out how to get people to be compliant, you really need to understand, why people may not be compliant, why they violate laws, rules, and regulations, why they violate policies and procedures. It helps to try to understand, why people do bad things, to have some understanding of what drives people to disregard certain norms and do the things that they do. Now, I'm not a psychiatrist or a psychologist, but I've spent seven plus years as a criminal prosecutor, and five plus years as a securities regulator. I've also been involved in regulatory and compliance matters in the private sector, for another 20 years or so. I've seen everything from arsonists and murders to drug dealers and thieves, from insider traders and ponzi schemers to embezzlers and straight-out con men, or con people. Sometimes, it's hard to determine exactly why people committed these crimes, but it's a good idea to think about why people act in a certain way, in general.