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EV Business Model and Mobility for All

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Electric Vehicles and Mobility

国立桥路学校

4.5（235 个评分） | 5.6K 名学生已注册

The purpose of Electric Vehicles and Mobility is to help you, whatever your profile, your training or your country, find your own answers to questions such as: - Will electric vehicles be the last to be allowed in megalopolises in the 21st century? - Does the environmental gain from vehicle electrification justify heavy investment in charging infrastructure? - Are electric vehicles only for wealthy people in developed countries? This course will allow you to acquire elements from engineering science, sociology, environmental science, political science, economics, management science, in order to evaluate, analyze and implement the diffusion of electric vehicles where their use is relevant. This MOOC is the English version of Mobilités et véhicules électriques; in the lecture videos, the teachers speak in French, nevertheless their presentation is in English and English subtitles are available. Groupe Renault and ParisTech schools have been working together for almost 15 years on topics related to sustainable mobility. Together, they created two Master programs (Transport and Sustainable Development in 2004, Mobility and Electric Vehicles in 2010) and the Sustainable Mobility Institute Renault-ParisTech in 2009, to support ongoing changes. Electric Vehicles and Mobility is the result of this shared history and was developed from a course delivered within the Master Mobility and Electric Vehicles, led by Arts et Métiers ParisTech in partnership with Ensta ParisTech, Mines ParisTech and École des Ponts ParisTech.

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从本节课中

Chapter 8 - Electric Mobility for All: Utopia or Obviousness

<p>Introducing this MOOC, we asked whether electric vehicle is only for rich people in 'the North'. This chapter explicitly aims to help you to build your answers to this question. It will first discuss the possible diffusion of the electric vehicle in the Bottom-Of-Pyramid markets, that is to say the poorest (though, unfortunately, most numerous) population categories. It will then discuss the possibility for the countries in 'the South' to go straight to electric mobility, without going through the same historical development of thermal mobility as the one that countries in the North have experienced. We will therefore analyze the conditions of a leapfrogging in the field of mobility like that which has been operated in the telecommunications field where the cellular phone has been deployed in countries that have never deployed an extensive wired network.</p><p>A last interview of an expert from Groupe Renault will conclude this course on a discussion of the business model of the electric vehicle that would allow mobility for all.</p><p>Finally, you will find the graded assessment for both chapter 7 and 8 in the following section. This evaluation concerns only the videos <em>Lecture</em> and is required to obtain the certificate.</p>

EV Business Model and Mobility for All8:50

教学方

Émeric FORTIN
Head of the Master in Transport and Sustainable Development
Virginie BOUTUEIL
Researcher

脚本

-Hello, Robert. -Hello, Émeric.

-You are the Electric Vehicles product manager.

Electric cars are more expensive than thermal cars.

Are electric cars only for rich people?

-First, electric vehicles offer a different experience.

The customers who buy them today are pioneers in a way.

We see two different trends.

For some, the environment is their main motivation,

for others, it is the technology.

However, for these,

they want their car to reflect their state of mind.

They want to show their social role, that they are ahead of society,

through this purchase.

We see this a lot with Zoé buyers.

A lot of them had premium cars.

These customers are usually from higher socioprofessional categories.

They spend more money on a car.

So the supply of electric cars is consequently high-end

and more technological.

However, if we want to increase the penetration of electric cars,

we will have

to appeal to other, more traditional customers.

We can notice that in China,

there are now a lot of very basic electric cars,

easy-to-use and small cars which answer basic mobility needs

and can often be driven without a license.

To appeal to these customers, we will need to answer their needs.

I will get back to it.

But mostly, we will have to offer new services.

These customers will want a more pleasant drive.

And electric vehicles do have some upsides.

They are less noisy.

The acceleration is significantly more agreeable and instantaneous.

These vehicles also come with a lot of upsides in its usage.

-As you mention usage,

do you think electric vehicles today suit the customers' usage and needs?

-First, electric vehicles have a lot of advantages.

More and more town will restrict access

during urban pollution spikes or in the city centers.

So these situations will favor electric vehicles.

Then, electric vehicles have mechanical organs

of smaller size than regular vehicles. So the body of the car will be able

to be more habitable than a thermal car of the same size.

The real issue with electric vehicles which you are probably pondering

is autonomy.

I think we should distinguish two situations.

There are customers

who want a multipurpose car.

They want to be able to go on holiday, and drive a long distance.

They will need an electric vehicle

capable of driving over 400 kilometers on a freeway before they can switch

to an electric car.

This implies large batteries over 100 kilowatt-hour.

We will need more progress on batteries to develop these cars.

Then, there are people who need a vehicle for their daily commute.

They usually need 250 kilometers of autonomy for urban

and suburban journeys. For them,

there is already some high-end supply

with an increasing offer of more affordable vehicles.

For instance, we introduced Zoé Z.E 40 last year.

It exceeds this kind of usage for a relatively low price.

-If I follow you, you think it is more interesting for now

to invest the lower price of batteries into increasing autonomy

until reaching 250 or 300 kilometers of autonomy.

Then, some would prefer using the decrease of battery price

to lower the car price

and others, to have higher battery stacks

and longer autonomy

with two different kinds of users?

-Absolutely.

What is important is that we reach enough autonomy

to guarantee a less constrained and stressful usage of electric cars.

To do so, we keep in mind the 250-kilometer threshold

for urban and suburban usage.

Once we have crossed this threshold, which we have already done,

we think it best to lower the price

so we can offer this vehicle to a larger group of people

and promote widely electric vehicles.

And our simulations lead us to think that over the next decade,

we will have electric vehicles

with a more interesting user cost over 3 years than thermal vehicles

for customers who agree to have limited autonomy.

We are working on another issue regarding the battery.

It is the cost of electric vehicles

without the battery.

There are several dimensions to this.

First, the electric engine and its power electronics.

We believe it will be cheaper in the long run

than a traditional engine

subjected to tighter and tighter anti-pollution regulations.

Then, on an electric vehicle, we must add some equipment

to make it more efficient, such as a heat pump.

The frame of an electric car is reinforced to carry the batteries

compared to a thermal car.

Producing an electric car is also slightly more complicated.

Most of all, the last dimension is the scale effect.

The automotive industry, as everybody knows, is a mass industry.

Even though we are selling twice as many Zoés as last year,

and it is the most sold vehicle in Europe,

we produce eight times as many Clios.

As long as this ratio remains the same, electric cars will be

more expensive to produce.

I think the authorities understood this

and many countries grant aids to offset these factors.

These aids are essential to help the development of such technologies.

-So electric cars

will become cheaper than thermal cars

but not including the battery price.

In the end, will electric cars really be interesting?

-The user cost of thermal vehicles will be higher

than electric vehicles'

because fuel will be more expensive than the electricity used in the cars.

To drive over 10 000 kilometers with a petrol car,

it will cost about 1 000 euros but only 300 euros in electricity

with an electric car,

or even less so if you get preferential rates for electricity.

The money saved will offset the battery cost.

For customers who do not want to invest,

there are battery rental offers.

Renault does this, for instance, as well as other manufacturers.

This will allow the customer

to pay back their battery

and to have unlimited guarantee on their battery for a reasonable price.

For a Zoé Z.E 40 which travels on average 12 500 kilometers a year,

the battery rental will be 89 euros a month.

We believe that electric vehicles are ideal

for people who need a vehicle

for their daily urban and suburban commute.

There are several reasons. First, what they offer.

The living space is more pleasant,

they are more agreeable to drive and less noisy.

They also give more freedom

since they make the city more accessible than a thermal car.

And in the end, in the long run,

thanks to the progress of manufacturers and batteries,

the user cost of this kind of vehicles for daily commutes will be lower.

-Thank you.

-Thank you.

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