You will gain a foundation for college-level writing valuable for nearly any field. Students will learn how to read carefully, write effective arguments, understand the writing process, engage with others' ideas, cite accurately, and craft powerful prose. Course Learning Objectives • Summarize, analyze, question, and evaluate written and visual texts • Argue and support a position • Recognize audience and disciplinary expectations • Identify and use the stages of the writing process • Identify characteristics of effective prose • Apply proper citation practices • Discuss applying your writing knowledge to other writing occasions
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来自 Duke University 的课程
English Composition I
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从本节课中
Project 2: Case Study
This week, various aspects of effective research will be discussed, such as creating an annotated bibliography, research strategies, and avoiding plagiarism. You will conduct research for your next project, a case study, contribute to an annotated bibliography, and submit your case study draft.
与讲师见面
Dr. Denise ComerAssistant Professor of the Practice; Director of First-Year Writing
Thompson Writing Program
Hi, my name is Greta Boers, and I'm the Librarian for Classical Studies and Linguistics
here at Duke University. And we've talked before
about the differences between scholarly and popular literature.
What I want to talk about today is how to go about finding a journal
or a magazine article, for you to use in your research and in your writing.
Some of the terms and phrases we'll cover today include: bibliography,
which we've covered before, citation or reference, classification,
full text searching, index or periodical index, keyword searching,
subject heading or descriptor, and vertical file.
We'll cover a number of different kinds of research tools
that you can use in order to find your own article.
And I want to say that probably the most important thing that I can tell you is to
find your local librarian, whether it's a public library or college
or university librarian, you want to ask for their advice.
Some of the things that we'll be covering today will be helpful to you
in asking questions about how to find a journal article.
Today, in today's presentation, what I'm going to do is talk about
a variety of different ways that you might find a journal article,
whether it's scholarly or popular. And to do that I'm going to start by
talking about how this actually works. Okay?
So here's a journal called After Image, and it's a journal about media arts and cultural criticism.
And one of the things you probably could do is go to the library
or go to your book store and look at the table of contents of the particular journal.
You could that for all the issues that we have for, so far, for 2013 and 2012.
Or you can go back and look at all of the issues like that,
in each of these bound volumes, in order to find your article.
But fortunately there are better ways to find a journal article than that.
Many libraries have what's called a “vertical file,”
that is, the library subscribes to two newspapers,
one of which the person actually gets to read, the community gets to read,
and the other one which is cut up into different pieces according to the article.
So in this vertical file, they're organized by subject.
Lets say you’re interested in expertise in gardening.
Maybe there's a master class program in your area.
If you went to the file in gardening, you would find
all the articles in newspaper that were relevant to that.
There are other ways to do this as well; there is something called a print index.
Many disciplines have print indexes.
For example, this is the film literature index.
And what they do is they take a years worth of journals and then index them by subject.
So, it's sort of like the vertical file, except it's in a book.
If we look at After Image,
if we look at this particular… what you'll see is periodical abbreviations,
but this is the list of periodicals—and then which is After Image—
but these are all the journal articles that this particular volume is indexing,
so instead of looking to each one of these volumes,
or looking in the vertical file, what you can do is look at the contents
of all of these journals and find what you're looking for.
Or, for example, you can look in dictionaries and encyclopedias,
maybe these are clues as to finding articles about someone in particular
that you're interested in researching, but the advantage is that
you can see that there are citations. Now what's in a citation?
A citation is the same thing that you're looking at in a bibliography:
It's a reference; it references the author of the article,
the title of the article, the name of the journal, the volume, the number or issue,
the year, maybe the season, but then also the pages.
So what you do is you follow that citation by going to the name of the journal
and seeing whether your library subscribes to it—or wait, whether it's available online.
So we have the print indexes, like film literature index,
and for each discipline there is a similar kind of periodical index.
Many of them are also available online.
So let's take a look at the computer and see if we can describe some of these databases.
So, this is PubMed, this is product that's put together
by the National Institutes of Health and the National Library of Medicine,
and anybody in the world can access it.
What I'm going to do today is—so this is what medical doctors use in their
practices, but it's also what science and medical researchers use for their research—
I’m going to type in expertise,
correctly, hopefully, and look at the search results,
and I want to show you some things that are really important about it.
They organize the results by year, so you can see how many results were in 2010, and 2012.
They give you some related searches that might be interesting to you.
They give you the search results,
and then, they also give you ways of organizing the material.
So you might say that I'm really interested in a clinical trial,
or you want to make sure that there's an abstract available, or that the full text
is available or free full text, which is going to be important to many of you.
You can look at the subjects; this is very helpful.
If I click on “show additional filters,” I can click on subject headings.
And this is what the periodical index, film literature index, that we saw before
that was in print, have in common with this particular database
and that there are subject headings, which organize the material.
I can look and see if there are more subject headings
that might be helpful to me,
and actually, in fact, there aren't. But if I go here to related searches,
I notice that there's a subject heading, “musical expertise,”
which is actually what I'm interested in. I've just started taking piano lessons,
and I'm really interested in how musicians do what they do.
If you were interested in finding this article, you would know that it's in the
Journal of Neuroscience, and that's what you would look for in your local public library.
There's another product called Google Scholar,
which some of you may have access to and others maybe not.
But this is another good source of full text articles that you can research.
And so what I'm going to do is type in “musical expertise.”
“Multidimensional scaling of emotional responses to music:
The effects of musical expertise and of the duration of the excerpts.”
It gives you a list of the citations, the people that have cited the article,
the related articles, and then it gives you the authors.
If we look at the full record, it in fact takes us to the full text of the article,
so there's a preview of the article that we can maybe take a look at,
and we may be able to download the full text. It depends on, where you're situated.
So, Google Scholar is another possible resource that you might want to try.
There's another resource, called Register and Read.
It's a JSTOR product.
And what you'll do is if you never registered before, you'll click on this button,
and then you'll fill out the information. There's no fee for this.
I've already registered before, so what I'm going to do is log-in.
Okay, now I'm going to do a search on expertise and music.
And here you see I've got 22,528 results. I might limit it to journal articles.
I might limit to content I can access, or all content, depending on where I am.
I can reorganize the search results by relevance,
or I can say I want the newest ones at the very top.
I can modify the search and do an advanced search instead of the regular plain search.
Now what's characteristic about the advanced search is that
you can combine different terminologies.
So if I put “expertise,” and “music,” and “piano,”
what I'm saying is I want the article to have expertise—the word “expertise”—-
and the word “music” and the word “piano” in it.
If I'm interested in one of these articles, what I can do is click on the full article.
You see that this is in the Journal of Research in Music Education.
And that's what I would look under in my local library to see if I had the journal.
You can also click on “Article PDF” to see if you can access it.
If I wanted to download it, what I would need to do is, again,
click the JSTOR's “Terms and Conditions” in order to access the article.
I can also do an advanced search, and I can say
I want “expertise” or “proficiency” or “skill.”
So, what I'm doing is looking for an article that has any one of these terms in it.
And then I can combine all those and say
all the articles have to have “piano” in them.
If I scroll down, I can see there are more articles, and of course then
I would just follow the same processes I just showed you a moment ago.
So what we just did is review a number of different ways that you can find journal articles.
We looked at the vertical file as one option;
we've also looked at print indexes; we've looked on the computer at a proprietary database,
we looked on a computer at PubMed, which is a free database—
although it doesn't necessarily give you full text to the articles.
You would still need to go to your local library
and look up the journal title and get the article that way,
but the two other products, Google Scholar and Register and Read by JSTOR,
where everything that you get in touch with is actually going to be full text.
It's been really pleasant talking to you today, and I hope this has been helpful.
Good luck on your writing.
