4.8 Wrap-up

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来自 École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 的课程

Introduction to Faecal Sludge Management

174 个评分

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Introduction to Faecal Sludge Management

174 个评分

Do you want learn how to apply concepts of sustainable faecal sludge management (FSM) on a city-wide scale? This course starts with an overview of what faecal sludge is and an introduces you to the engineering fundamentals and required information for the design and selection of technologies. Sanitation solutions are prone to failure if an integrated planning approach that includes stakeholder involvement and the development of appropriate institutional, management and financial arrangements is not implemented. The course therefore dedicates a complete week to presenting the full picture, in addition to technology, that needs to be considered for sustainable solutions. It concludes with a focus on current research and innovations in technologies, to provide an understanding of the most up-to-date options. This course is one of four in the series “Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for Development".

从本节课中

Integrated approach to faecal sludge management

Sanitation solutions do not rely on technology alone, and are prone to failure if an integrated planning approach that includes stakeholder involvement and the development of appropriate institutional, management and financial arrangements is not implemented. Presented in week 4 is the full picture, in addition to technology, that needs to be considered for sustainable solutions.

4.1 Integrated planning approach8:03

4.2 Assessment of the Initial situation8:38

4.3 Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement9:53

4.4 Institutional Frameworks10:52

4.5 Financial transfers and flows models10:29

4.6 Operation and maintenance of treatment plans8:22

4.7 Engineering Economics11:58

4.8 Wrap-up6:25

与讲师见面

Dr. Linda Strande
Group leader
Management of Excreta, Wastewater and Sludge (MEWS), Eawag-Sandec

So, following week four, are you ready to engage

your city more in creating an enabling environment?

Engineers and practitioners must wear many hats

as designers, planners, managers, advocates, lobbyists

community liaisons.

If we want to ensure that the necessary

and inter related legal, organizational

financial, political and cultural aspects

that all need to be in place for effective fecal sludge management

have been accounted for.

and these factors are all included as design variables in our approach.

it is also important to remember that fecal sludge management

on it's own is not a stand-alone solution

it needs to be incorporated into a city-wide approach to sanitation

This week you've learned the importance of assessing

and understanding the initial situation

in specific context

as sanitation solutions can be very heterogeneous.

Not only between countries and cities

but also within cities themselves.

A thorough assessment ensures that solutions are tailored

to meet the actual needs, built on what is existing

and takes into account the context specific strengths and constraints.

These preliminary steps are required

to understand the existing situation

before you can start defining the problem that needs to be solved.

One example is site selection.

Due to the difficulty of obtaining land

in urban areas, that is expensive, and not readily available

it will already affect technology selection

as treatment options that are very land intensive

tend to be much less expensive, whereas treatment options

that don't require a lot of land tend to be much more expensive.

So it's important also to ensure that this site is accessible

so it will really be used.

An integrated planning approach

can help you link all your design variables

into standard project phases

and helps you to manage when and where to consider each of them.

Also, incorporating participatory processes within traditional

project cycles, helps to ensure commitment and ownership during

during implementation and operation.

And success is enhanced by more effective management schemes

better institutional setups and integration of the private sector.

Integrating stakeholders and understanding their interest

and influences should be carried out through the entire project

as it is a continuous and iterative process.

For more information on an integrated approach

to city wide sanitation, please refer to the Sandec MOOC.

Planning and design of sanitation systems and technologies.

you learned the importance of setting up legal

and regulatory frame works for fecal sludge management

and introducing enforcement mechanisms.

This is necessary to ensure that regulation and enforcement

of public health and environmental standards occurs.

As fecal sludge management is an essential component

of urban sanitation

it needs to be included in national policies

and also have clear institutional roles at the local level

to ensure people take responsibility.

Also, considering different models of financial transfers

will help to formalize this sector and make it financially sustainable

and could include incentives as a method of transition

to new management models in the short term.

Financial transfers include capital and operations and maintenance costs

from the household level

to collection and transport service providers

to treatment plants and resource recovery.

These are a combination of public and/or private parties

payments for service, or discharge fees

taxes, tariffs and licences.

you also learn the importance of incorporating management

concerns from the beginning of the project planning.

Management aspects need to be linked to decision on technology options.

This is especially important when evaluating levels

of established, transferring and innovative technologies.

It is also important to ensure operations and maintenances

built into the ongoing project budget

and to ensure demands are appropriate to the local context.

All too many treatment plants have failed due to lack

of operations and maintenance.

And lastly financial considerations

are obviously a very important variable

at the decision making process

selecting different management options.

This is complicated with many technologies because

they are not yet examples of cost data

and it requires many assumptions.

Equivalent cost comparisons can be used to compare the capital

and operating costs of different technologies

with revenue generated from resource recovery incorporated

as a positive under operating costs.

What design variables did you learn

about this week that you did not know

about before?

Do you think there are any important ones for your city

that we did not cover?

Please contribute your thoughts to the discussion on the forum website

and also visit the additional resources

to learn more about the topic.

Now we are entering the final week of the MOOC

where you will learn about the current status

of transferring and innovative technologies

for collection, transport, treatment

and resource recovery of fecal sludge.

This is a very exciting week as it will provide you

with more of an idea the ways in which this field

is rapidly changing.

Then we will provide you with an example of the case study

of Durban, South Africa

a city that was awarded the Stockholm water prize

for their innovative adapted and integrated approach

to fecal sludge management and city-wide sanitation.

Thanks for joining, see you next week.

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