（三）祈使句。 (III) Imperative sentences. 表示请求、 命令 催促或者劝告的句子叫做祈使句 我们来看一下例子。 A sentence that represents a request, command, or exhortation is called an imperative sentence. Let me show you some examples. 例一，明天早点儿起床！这个就是一种什么呢？ 命令。 Example one, “ming tian zao dian er qi chuang!” (get up early tomorrow!) What is this? command. 明天早点儿起床。 Get up early tomorrow! 第二例，不要把头伸出 车窗外！这个是什么呢？表示一种禁止或者劝告 Example two, don't stick your head out of the car window! What is this? Indicates a prohibition or advice 就是不要把头伸出车窗外，车窗外比较危险 （1）能用于祈使句中的动词 Just don’t stick your head out of the car window. The car window is dangerous. (1) Verbs that can be used to imperative sentences 祈使句中的动词，一般为自主性动词。 The verbs in the imperative sentence are generally autonomous verbs. 注意，这个是自主性动词 所谓自主性动词，什么意思呢？就是说话的人可以控制 Note that this is an autonomous verb. What is the meaning of the so-called autonomy verb? The person who speaks can control 可以控制的，那就叫自主性动词。 It is called autonomous verbs. 那么自主性动词一般能单独地，注意是 构成祈使句。 Then autonomy verbs can generally be individual, pay attention, to constitute imperative sentences 我们看一下两个例子就比较清楚。 Let’s look at some examples to be clear. 第一例 吃！"吃"这个动词是一个自主性的。 The first example: “chi!” (eat!) is an autonomy verb. 也就是说，这个说话人能够控制 In other words, this speaker can control
我可以吃，也可以不吃，对不对？所以，这个就是一个祈使句。
I can eat or not, right? So this is an imperative sentence. 第二例 喝！"喝"也是一个自主性动词，也就是说，说话人可以控制 The second example: “he!”(drink!) is also an autonomous verb, which means that the speaker can control 我可以喝，我可以不喝，对吗？所以，这也是一个祈使句 I can drink or not, right? So, this is also an imperative sentence 所以这样的，都是叫什么呢？自主性动词 但是，也有很多自主性动词 So what is this called? Autonomous verbs. However, there are also many autonomous verbs, 不能单独，就是所谓的单独就是一个，构成祈使句 which can’t be individually used. In other words, these words cannot individually constitute imperative sentence. 这些动词，要用于祈使句，必须有其他成分一起出现 我们来看一下这个例子。 If these verbs need to be used in imperative sentences, must have other elements together. Let’s look at this example. 第一例，用 这个！"用"是一个什么呢？也是一个自主性动词 所谓用嘛，我可以用，也可以不要用，所以可以控制
The first example, “yong zhe ge!” (use this!) What is "yong"? it is also an autonomous verb
The so-called “yong” means that I can use or not. It is controllable. 但是呢，我们说，它后面应该有个宾语"这个"，就可以构成一个祈使句 However, we say that there should be an object "zhe ge” (this) behind it to form an imperative sentence. 所以，如果说，没有"这个"的话，"用！" 这样的说法有点儿奇怪。 Therefore, if there is no "this", then the statement of "yong” (use) is strange. 第二个 别开！别开！那么"开"也是一个自主性动词 也就是说，可以控制。 The second one: “bie kai! Bie kai!” (Don't open! Don't open!) Then “open” is also an autonomous verb, that is, it can be controlled 它的前面出现了一个什么呢？"别" 别开！"开"，那么我们说，一般情况下，"不可以"。 What is the word in front of it? “bie” bie kai”, under normal circumstances, 加上否定副词"别"以后 就能构成一个祈使句。 after the negative adverb “bie” is added, an imperative sentence can be formed. （2）不能用于祈使句的动词 主要有以下几类，我们来看一下。 (2) Verbs that cannot be used in imperative sentences. There are mainly the following categories. Let’s take a look. 第一种是什么呢？关系动词，表示 主语和宾语之间的关系。 What is the first one? A relational verb that expresses the relationship between a subject and an object 那么这些动词有什么呢？有"有、 是、 像、 属于、 表示"等 What are these verbs? There are "you, shi, xiang, shu yu, biao shi", etc. 第二类是什么呢？能愿动词，就是我们前面讲过的，"能、 可以、 What is the second category? A candid verb is what we said before. "neng, ke yi, 会" 第三，状态动词"爱、 喜欢 知道、 懂得"等。 hui". The third one, state verbs of “ai, xi huan, zhi dao, dong de” and so on. 第四类是什么呢？非自主动词 所谓非自主动词，就是说，说话人不能控制 What is the fourth category? Non-autonomous words. The so-called non-autonomous words mean that the speaker cannot control it. 掌握的这样的动词，像"醒、 长、 病、 懂、 丢、 怕、 伤、 Such verbs like "xing, zhang, bing, dong, diu, pa, shang, 生"等 这些词都不能用于祈使句 3. Sheng” cannot be used in imperative sentences. 祈使句中的形容词 （1）能用于祈使句中的形容词。 Adjectives in imperative sentences （1）Adjectives that can be used in imperative sentences 祈使句中的形容词一般为自主性形容词 也就是说，形容词表示的性状或者性质说话人能够控制 The adjectives in the imperative sentence are generally autonomic adjectives. That is, the traits or nature of the adjectives can be controlled by the speaker. 不过自主性形容词一般不能 单独，大家注意是，不能单独地 However, autonomy adjectives generally cannot be individually used. Pay attention to it. 也就是说，一个形容词不能用于祈使句 That is to say, an adjective cannot be used for imperative sentences. 用于祈使句的时候，它常常要有其他的成分，注意，要有别的，要跟别的 It is often matched with other parts when it is used in imperative sentences. Please pay attention to it. It shall be 词一起出现来构成一个祈使句 together with other words to form an imperative sentence. 自主性形容词用于祈使句，常见的有以下两种情况 There are two common situations of autonomic adjectives which are used in imperative sentences. 一种是"形容词+数量补语"，是数量补语 也就是一个数量、 结构。 One is “adjective + quantity complement”, which is a quantity complement, that is, a quantity and structure. 还有一种是 "否定副词+（那么）+形容词"，这两种情况。 There is also a case of "negative adverb + (na me) + adjective". 我们来看一下例子就比较清楚 第一例，快一点儿！"快"是一个形容词 是一个自主性形容词。
Some examples make you clear. Example one: “kuai yi dian er!” (quickly). “kuai” is an adjective, an autonomic adjective. 所谓快，我自己可以 快一点，也可以慢一点。 The speaker can choose to be quick or not. 就是说我可以控制，说话人可以控制 那么，所以它加上"一点儿"是一个什么呢？是数量补语 It is controllable. What will it be when “yi dian er” is added here? It is a quantity complement. 所以，可以构成一种祈使，"快一点儿！"是命令 It forms an imperative sentence. “kuai yi dian er!” is a command. 第二例，干净一点儿！"干净"也是一个 Example two, “gan jing yi dian er!” (keep more clear) “gan jing” is also an 自主性形容词，那么它加上一个"一点儿"也是一个数量补语 autonomic adjective. The “yi dian er” here is also a quantity complement. 所以，它也可以用于祈使句，"干净一点儿！"也是请求或者是命令 第三例，别客气！"客气"
Therefore, it can also be used in imperative sentence. “gan jing yi dian er” is also a request or command.
Example three, “bie ke qi” (keep yourself like home) “ke qi” 也是一个自主性形容词，也就是说，说话人可以控制 可以客气，也可以不客气。 is also an automatic adjective. The speaker can control to do it or not. 所以前面加上一个否定副词"别" 也构成了一种什么呢？祈使句。 So what does it form to add a negative adverb "bie" in front of it? An imperative sentence. "别客气！"是一种请求 （2）不能用于祈使句的形容词 “bi eke qi” is a request (2) Adjectives that cannot be used in imperative sentences 不能用于祈使句的形容词主要有以下两类 第一类是非谓形容词。 There are two main types of adjectives that cannot be used in imperative sentences. The first category is a non-predicate adjective. 所谓的非谓形容词就是"男、 女、 彩色、 黑白、 The so-called non-predicate adjectives include words of “nan, nv, cai se, hei bai, 大型"等 这些形容词都不可以做谓语，所以我们叫非谓形容词。 da xing” and so forth. These adjectives cannot be used as a predicate, so we call them non-predicate adjectives in Chinese. 第二类是什么呢？ 非自主性形容词，像"健康、 年轻、 舒服、 幸福、 自由、 What is the second category? Non-autonomous adjectives like "jian kang” (healthy), “nian qing” (young), “shu fu” (comfortable), “xing fu” (happy),”zi you” (free), 感动"等 这些形容词为什么是非自主性形容词呢？ 就是因为说话的人不可以控制。 “gan dong” (moved). Why these adjectives are non-autonomous adjectives? The speaker cannot control it. 比如说"健康" 你健康还是不健康，一个人是，说话的人不能控制 For instance, “jian kang” (healthy). The status of health cannot be controlled by the speaker. 不是说，你想做，你想健康就健康，你想不健康就不健康 "年轻"也是一样，"舒服"等都是一样
You cannot control it.
So do “nian qing” and “shu fu”. （四）感叹句 表示赞美、 (IV) Exclamatory sentence a sentence that expresses strong emotions such as praise 惊讶等强烈感情的句子叫做感叹句 我们来看一下例子就比较清楚。 and surprise is called an exclamatory sentence. Some examples make you clear. 这件衣服多漂亮啊！ "多漂亮啊！"是一种感叹，表示一种赞美 “zhe jian yi fu duo piao liang a!” (how beautiful the dress is!) “duo piao liang a” is a type of exclamation and praise 第二例，这座楼真高！通过这样的，前面加个"真" Example two, “zhe zuo lou zhen gao!” (how tall the building is!) A word like “zhen” is added here 形容词"高"前面加个"真"，来表示一种，也是一种赞美或者是惊讶 here to express a praise or amazement. 那么感叹句 分为两类。 Exclamatory sentences are divided into two categories 一类是什么呢？"（主语）+谓语" What is the first category? “(Subject) +predicate” 主语，有的时候，可以是没有，可以省略掉，加上谓语的 我们来看一下例子。 Subject, sometimes, is no or omitted. Let us see examples. 第一例，你说的真好！ "你说的"是什么？是主语，是个 Example one, “ni shuo de zhen hao!” (you said well!) “what is “ni shuo de” is? Subject, it is a topic，对吧 那么，它的后面"真好"是一个谓语。 topic, right? And then, the word of “zhen hao” after it is a predicate. 所以，主语+谓语，那么就是一个感叹句 第二例，我们的老师多么热情啊！ So, “subject + predicate” is an exclamatory sentence. The second example, “wo men de lao shi duo me re qing a!” (how enthusiastic our teacher is!) 这个"我们的老师"是主语，"多么热情"是谓语 所以它们也构成一个感叹句 The “wo men de lao shi” (our teacher) is a subject here.The “duo me re qing” is a predicate. They also form an exclamatory sentence. 另一类是"程度副词+形容词+的+名词" 我们来看一下例子。 The other category is "degree adverb + adjective +”de” + noun". Let’s look at examples. 多好的地方啊！多好的地方！ 这是一个副词加上形容词 “duo hao de di fang a! duo hao de di fang!” (What a great place! What a great place!). it is formed by a adverb plus adjective 加上的加上一个名词来构成的，也是一种赞美 plus “de” and a noun, to express a type of praise 第二，多么聪明的孩子呀！多么聪明，用"多么"副词加上"聪明"形容词 The second one, “duo me cong ming de hai zi ya!” (What a smart boy!) “duo me +the adjective of cong ming 加上"的"加上名词，那么也构成一种什么呢？感叹句 +”de” and a noun” also form a exclamatory sentence. 好，今天的课到此结束，谢谢 Well, today’s class is over, thank you.
