四. IV. 用"有"表示比较 "A 有 B + 谓语"也是比较句 Indicate comparison by “you” “A you B +predicate” is also a sentence pattern of comparison. 例如，我们看一下例子啊，第一例：语法有发音难吗？ 第二例：今天有昨天热。 For example: “yu fa you fa yin nan ma?” (Is grammar difficult to pronounce)? Example two, “jin tian you zuo tian re.” (Today is as hot as yesterday). 这两个呢也是一种比较，也是一种比较句 （一） They are comparisons, one of sentence patterns of comparison. (I) "A 有 B + 谓语"的谓语 "A 有 B Predicate of “A you B+ predicate” + 谓语"的谓语可以是呢 可以是形容词、 Predicate of “A you B+ predicate” can be adjective, "这么/那么+形容词" 或者是"动词+得+情态补语" “zhe me /na me +adjective” or “verb +de + modal complemrnt” 或者是"能源动词+动词（短语）"或者是 "有+抽象名词"等。 Or “modal verb +verb (phrase)” or “you +abstract noun” and so forth. 我们来看一下例子就比较清楚了 看第一例：面条有饺子好吃吗？ 这个"好吃"是形容词。 Let us see some examples. The first one: “mian tiao you jiao zi hao chi ma?” (Do noodles as delicious as dumplings)? The “hao chi” (delicious) is an adjective. 第二例：上个星期有这个星期 这么忙。 Example two: “shang ge xing qi you zhe ge xing qi zhe me mang.” (This week is as busy as last week). 那么这是"这么"加上形容词"忙" 第三例：你没有他跑得快 The “zhe me” is added before “mang”. Example three: “ni mei you ta pao de kuai”. (You did not run as fast as him). 这是一个什么呢？动词加"得"加上一个情态补语 第四例：弟弟有哥哥能说吗？ What is this? A “de” added with a modal complement is used here. Example four: “di di you ge ge neng shuo ma?” (Does the young brother have a glib tongue like his brother)? 这是什么呢？就是我们说的能愿，能愿动词加上动词 这样的。 What is this usage? A modal verb added with a verb. 注意 "谓语"不能是"程度副词+形容词" 我们看一下下面的句子就比较清楚了。 Please note that the predicate shall not be “adverb of degree +adjective”. Let me show you some examples to be clear. 第一例：语法有发音 非常难。 Example one: “yu fa you fa yin fei chang nan”. 这个句子是错误的 This sentence is wrong. 错误的原因在于什么呢？就是这个"难"是一个形容词，它的前边出现了程度副词"非常" Why? The “nan” (difficult) is an adjective. A adverb of degree, “fei chang”, is placed before it. 所以错了，那么正确的说法应该是什么呢？语法有发音难 也就是说把这个"非常"去掉。 Therefore, it is wrong. What is the correct expression of it? “yu fa you fa yin nan” (gramma is as difficult as pronunciation). Delete the “fei chang”. 第二例 这儿没有那儿很漂亮。 Example two: “zhe er mei you na me hen piao”. 这个句子也错了 原因就在于，这个形容词"漂亮"的前边出现了程度副词"很" This sentence is also wrong because a adverb of degree, “hen”, is placed before the adjective of “piao liang” (beautiful). 正确的说法应该是什么呢？这儿没有那儿漂亮。 What is the correct expression? “zhe er mei you na er piao liang”.(This place is not as beautiful as that place). 把这个"很"去掉，就可以了 （二）"A It is correct when the “hen” is deleted here. (II) negation of “A 有 B + 谓语"的否定 "A 有 B + 谓语"的否定是"A you B +predicate” the negation of “A you B +predicate” is “A 没有 B + 谓语" 我们来看一下例子，例一：面条没有饺子好吃 用"没有"。 mei you B+predicate”. Let us see some examples. The first one: “mian tian mei you jiao zi hao chi”. It uses “mei you” here. 第二例：昨天 没有今天热。 The second one: “zuo tian mei you jin tina re”. 第三例：骑车没有坐车快。 Example three: “qi che mei you zuo che kuai”. 都是用"没有"进行否定 "A 没有 B + The negation of these sentences are produced by using “mei you”. “A mei you B+ 谓语"一般也被看作是 "A 比 B + 谓语"的否定。 predicate” is regarded as the negation of “A bi B +predicate”. 我们看一下例子就比较清楚，例一 我比他高。 Let us see some examples. The first one, “wo bi ta gao”. (I am taller than him). 是一个比字比较句 那么它的否定是什么呢？是：我没有他高 第二例：词典比书贵。 This is a sentence pattern of “bi”. What is the negation? “wo mei you ta gao”. Example two: “ci dian bi shu gui”. (A dictionary is more expensive than a book). 那么它的否定是什么呢？ 词典没有书贵。 What is the negation? “ci dian mei you shu gui”. 也就是说比字句的否定是用"没有" 不是用"不比"，这个要特别地注意 That is to say, the negation of sentence pattern of “bi” is not “bu bi” but “mei you”. Please pay particular attention to it. （三）"A 有 B + 谓语"的正反问句 (III) Positive and negative sentence of “A you B + predicate” "A 有 B + 谓语"的正反问句是"A 有没有 The negation of positive and negative sentence of “A you B + predicate” is “A you mei you B + 谓语" 这个要注意它的形式是"A B+predicate”. Please pay attention to its form of “A 有没有 B + 谓语" 我们看一下例子就比较清楚了。 you mei you B+ predicate”. Let us see some examples. 例一：今天有没有昨天热？ 第二例：这儿有没有那儿好玩？ 所以也是"有没有"。 Example one: “jin tina mei you zuo tian re?” (Is today as hot as yesterday?) Example two: “zhe er you mei you na er hao wan”? (Is this place as interesting as that place?) 第三例：发邮件有没有打电话便宜？ 所以它这是正反问句。 Example three: “fa you jian you mei you da dain hua pian yi?” (Is e-mail writing as cheap as phone calling)? （四） "A 有 B + 谓语"和"A 没有 B + 谓语"的使用情况 "A 有 (IV) “A you B +predicate” and “A mei you B+ predicate” B + 谓语"使用率比较低 也就是说这种肯定的说法，这种说法啊 “A you B +predicate” is not commonly used. In other words, this expression 用的比较少，一般用于什么呢？疑问句和回答 就是用在问答中，用在问，提问题或者用于回答的时候
is less used in Chinese. It is used in interrogative sentences and answers. 但是不能，注意，不能作为始发句 我们看一下例一：A However, it shall not be used as an original sentence. Let have a look at the first example: A 汉语有英语容易吗？这是一个问句，是吧？汉语有英语容易吗？ 所以是一个问句，那么回答，B
“han yu you ying yu rong yi ma?” (Is Chinese as easy as English)? This is a question, right?
As for the answer, B 回答：汉语有英语容易 这是一个答句，一问，一问是一答 answered: “han yu you ying yu rong yi.” (Chinese is as easy as English). This is the answer. 这种情况下是没有问题，可以用 "A It is no problem to be used here. 没有 B + 谓语"啊使用率很高，也就是说这种否定 否定的使用率很高 The negation of this type is frequently used in Chinese. 可以用于疑问句，也可以用于陈 述句，还可以用作始发句。 It can be used for interrogative sentences, declarative sentences, and can also be used as an original sentence. 我们看一下例子就比较清楚 例一：我做的饭没有你做的好吗？这是个问句 第二例：上次的考试没有这次难。
Let us see some examples to be clear. Example one: “wo zuo de fan mei you ni zuo de hao ma?” (Is my cooking skill as good as yours)? This is a question.
Example two: “shang ci de kao shi mei you zhe ci nan.” (The last examination is not as difficult as this time). 这是一个什么呢？陈述句 所以呢，也就是说，"A 没有 B + 谓语"啊 What about this one? It is a declarative sentence. The scope of use of “A mei you B+predicate” 使用的范围比 "A 有 B is not wider than “A you B + 谓语"呢使用范围呢要广 （五）"A +predicate”. (V) omission of “A 有 B + 谓语"的省略 "A 有 B + 谓语"的省略情况与"A you B +predicate” the condition of omitting “A you B +predicate” is 比 B + 谓语"的省略情况大致相同 我们来看一下例子。 roughly the same as “A bi B +predicate”. Let us see some examples.
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第一例：我的房子有他的（房子）大 那么我的房子和他的房子是一样的
Example one: “wo de fang zi you ta de (fang zi) da” means that my house is as big as his. 所以呢，他的房子的后面的"房子"就可以 省略掉，也就是这个句子我们可以说什么呢？我的房子有他的大就可以了
Therefore, the “fang zi” after “ta de” can be omitted.
What is the good expression? “wo de fang zi you ta de da”. 第二例：你们的车有我们的（车）跑得快吗？ 那么都是车对吧，你们的车我们的车它们是相同的
Example two: “ni men de che you wo men de (che) pao de kuai ma?”(Does your car run as fast as ours)?
The “che” mentioned here is same. 所以呢，这个"车"就可以不要说，省略掉：你们的车有我们的跑得快吗？就可以了 五. Therefore, the second “che” can be omitted. “ni men de che you wo men de pao de kuai ma? V. 用"不如"表示比较 "A 不如 indicate comparison by using “bu ru”. B + （谓语）"也表示比较 我们来看一下例子。 “A bu ru B +(predicate)” also indicates comparison. Let us see some examples. 第一例：面包不如饺子好吃 也就是说饺子没有面包好吃的意思了。 The first example: “mian bao bu ru jiao zi hao chi” means that breads are not as delicious as dumplings). 第二例：我的汉语不如他 这也是个比较，它的意思相当于什么呢？他的汉语啊没有我的好，这样的意思
Example two: “wo de han yu bu ru ta”
This is also a comparison. What does this mean? My Chinese is not as good as his. （一）"A 不如 B + （谓语）"的谓语 "A (I) Predicate of “A bu ru B + (predicate)” 不如 B + （谓语）"的谓语一般是说话人希望的 Predicate of “A bu ru B + (predicate)” is something the speaker wanted 可以是形容词，像"好" "帅" "长" "高" "厚" It can be an adjective, such as” hao”(good), “shuai”(handsome), “chang” (long),”gao” (tall), “hou” (thin) "宽" "好看" "漂亮" "实惠"等 也可以是形容词短语。 “kuan”(wide), “hao kan”(pretty), “piao liang” (beautiful), “shi hui” (affordable), and adjective phrases. 我们来看一下例子，第一例：我的发音不如你的好 那么这是一个形容词。 Let us see some examples. The first one: “wo de fa yin bu ru bi de hao”. (my pronunciation is not as good as yours). An adjective is used here. 第二例：这件衣服不如那件好看。 The second example: “zhe jian yi fu bur u na jian hao kan”. (This dress is not as beautiful as that one). 也是一个形容词 那么这些"好" An adjective is also used here. what is these word like “hao” "好看"都是什么呢？都是说话人希望的，也就是说是好的事情 好的事情。 and “hao kan”? Something the speaker wanted. Good things. （二） "A 不如 B + （谓语）"的省略情况 "A (II) omission of “A bu ru B+ (predicate) 不如 B + （谓语）"的谓语啊经常省略 只是在不清楚的情况下呢才说出来。 The predicate of “A bu ru B+ (predicate)” is omitted in general. It will be mentioned if the listener does not know about it. 我们来看一下例子啊，第一例 在学习方面，弟弟不如姐姐 Let us see some examples. The first one, “zai xue xi fang mian, di di bu ru jie jie”. 这个"姐姐"后面呢显然就没有一个谓语，省略掉了 Obviously, there is no predicate after “jie jie”. It is omitted. 它的意思就是说在学习方面弟弟不如姐姐什么呢？好，是省略一个"好"的意思 It means that in terms of learning, the brother is not as good as his sister. The “hao” (good) is omitted. 所以呢，不说出来，因为呢大家比较清楚 Everyone knows that, so it is omitted. 第二例：坐飞机不如坐火车安全 这个谓语是"安全"，所以这个时候呢它就出现了 The second example: “zuo fei ji bu ru zuo huo che an quan”. (It’s safer to take a train than to take a train. The predicate here is “an quan”. 所以呢我们说一般来说，第一种说法很 多，就是不说出来很多，这种说法呢比较少 In general, the first expression is frequently used. This one is few.
