三，可能补语。 Section three, the potential complement. 一，充当可能补语的成分 First, elements acting as potential complement. "动词+得+可能补语"表示主观条件或者客观条件是否允许实现 "Verb + 得 + potential complement" indicates that whether certain results or tendency are allowed to realize by the objective or subjective condition. 某种结果或趋向等。 大多数结果补语 和趋向补语都能变成可能补语。 Most of resultant complements and directional complements can act as potential complement. 我们来看一下例子 第一个，看见，这个"见"前面我们说了是什么呢？结果补语 Let's look at some examples. First, (see), what's it before 见? Resultant complement. 所以我们可以变成可能补语"看得见/看不见" 第二一个，"说清楚"，"清楚"是什么？是一个结果补语。
So, we can turn it into a potential complement 看得见/看不见.
Second, (speak clearly), what's 清楚? It's a resultant complement. 所以我们可以变成 可能补语"说得清楚/说不清楚"，是可能补语 Therefore, we can turn it into a potential complement, 说得清楚/说不清楚. "拿出来"，这个"出来"，我们刚刚讲了是什么呢？趋向补语 所以我们也可以变成可能补语，"拿得出来"
(Take it out), the phrase 出来, what we just talk about it? Directional complement.
Therefore, we can also turn it into a potential complement, 拿得出来. 否定是"拿不出来"。 The negative form is 拿不出来. 二 "动词+得+可能补语"的否定 Second, the negative form of "verb + 得 + potential complement". "动词+得+可能补语"的否定是"动词+不+可能补语" The negative form of "verb + 得 + potential complement" is "verb + 不 + potential complement". 而不是"不+动词+得+可能补语"。 rather than "不 + verb + 得 + potential complement". 这个要特别注意，它的否定形式是什么呢？是 "动词+不+可能补语" Here needs to be paid special attention, what's its negative form? It's "verb + 不 + potential complement" 不是"不+动词+可能补语"，这个要特别的注意 好，我们来看一下例子。 instead of "不 + verb + potential complement". OK, let's look at examples. 第一例，我听不懂老师说的话 所以它的否定是什么？听不懂 第二，今天雨下不大。 First example, (I don't understand what the teacher says). So, what's its negative form? 听不懂. Second, (it does not rain heavily today). 那么"不"是否定"大"的，下不大 注意，以"动词+得+ Therefore, 不 is used to negate 大, 下不大. Notice that we usually use the 可能补语"它的否定形式用的比较多，也就是这种否定 negative form of "verb + 得 + potential complement", such negation 带"不"的这样的说法用的很多，肯定形式呢用得比较少，而且是多用于 问答中。 with 不 is always used, on contrary the affirmative form is less used and most commonly used in questions and answers. 我们来看一下例子 例一，我们看一下，A：这么多饺子你吃得完吗？问句 Let's look at examples. First example, A: (Can you finish so much dumplings)? A question. 回答可以说吃得完，这是肯定的 例二，A：这个箱子他拿得动 You can answer 吃得完, this is affirmative. Second example, A: (He can manage the box). 拿不动？这是个否定的，所以回答说"拿得动"，用肯定的 也可以的。 拿不动? This is negative, so we can answer 拿得动, the affirmative form can also be used. 肯定句中，一般用 "能+动词+补语"代替"动词+得+可能补语" In affirmative sentences, we often use "能 + verb +complement" instead of "verb + 得 + potential complement". 二，"动词+不+可能补语"和"不能+动词" Second, "verb + 不 + potential complement" and "不能 + verb". 虽然它意思相近，但是有所不同 "动词+不+可能补语"表示客观条件不允许 Although they are close in meaning, but still have some differences, "verb + 不 + potential complement" expresses the objective condition is not allowed. "不能+动词"呢表示不许可或者是禁止 我们来看一下例子就比较清楚了。 "不能 + verb" expresses that it's not permitted or forbidden, let's look at examples to make it clear. 我们看一下第一例 例一，这次没复习，考不好 Let's look at the first example, (I didn't review this time and will fail the exam). 是用一个可能补语的否定，它的意思是什么呢？就是因为没有复习，客观条件不允许 是客观条件不允许考好。
It's a negative sentence with potential complement, what's its meaning? Because without revision, the objective condition is not allowed.
It is not allowed to do well in the exam by the objective condition. 第二例，你能去，他不能去，也就是"不能"加上一个动词 Second example, (you can go, but he can't), that's 不能 with a verb. 那是什么意思呢？就是允许你去，不允许他去 是这样的意思。 What's the meaning? It means you are allowed to go while he is not allowed. 一个是强调客观条件，一个是什么呢？强调不允许 不允许。 One emphasizes the objective condition, what's another one? It emphasizes on being not allowed. 三，"动词+不+可能补语"和"不会+动词"意思也是相近 Third, "verb + 不 + potential complement" and "不会 + verb" are also close in meaning. 但是呢，也是不同的。 But they still have some differences. "动词+不+可能补语"表示什么呢？客观条件不允许 What does "verb + 不 + potential complement" mean? The objective condition is not allowed. "不会+动词"呢，表示没有某种能力 我们来看一下例子。 "不会 + verb" expresses the lack of some abilities, let's look at examples. 第一例，他会开车，但是今天开不了 用的是什么呢？"动词+不+可能补语" First example, (he can drive, but not today). What do we use? "Verb + 不 + potential complement". 那么它意思是什么呢？今天喝酒了，客观条件 So what does it mean? He drinks today, objective condition. 不允许开车，开不了是说这个客观条件 不允许。 It's not allowed to drive, and not allowed to drive by the objective condition. 我们再看一下第二例，这件衣服我穿不了 Let's see the second example, (this dress does not fit me). 穿不了也是一个动词加上不加上这个可能补语的 穿不了 is also "verb + 不 + potential complement". 那么它意思什么意思，这件衣服太大或太小，客观条件呢不允许我穿 我们再看第三例。 So what does it mean, this dress is too big or too small, and the objective condition does not allow me to wear. Let's see the third example. 妹妹不会游泳，那么它采用的是什么，"不会+动词" The sister can't swim, what does it use, "不会 + verb". 那么它的意思是什么呢？就是说妹妹没有游泳的能力，也就是说妹妹没有学习游泳的技能 And what's its meaning? The sister doesn't acquire the ability to swim, namely, the sister hasn't learned swimming skills. 所以呢她不会游泳 So she can't swim. 三，宾语加上"得"，或者是"不"加上可能补语 在它这个中的位置。 Third, position of object with 得 or 不 with potential complement in this form. 宾语多出现在"动词+得/不+可能补语"的后面 我们看一下例子。 The object generally follows "verb + 得/不 + potential complement" immediately, let's look at examples. 第一例，她看得清楚黑板上的字吗？"黑板上的字"是什么，是宾语， 那么放在"看得清楚"的后面
First example, (can she see the words clearly on the blackboard)? What's the phrase 黑板上的字? It's an object,
follows 看得清楚. 第二例，你喝得完这么多啤酒吗？"这么多啤酒"是什么？是宾语，也放在"喝得完" 它的后面。
Second example, (can you finish so much beer)? What's the phrase 这么多啤酒? It's an object, which is placed after 喝得完. 第三个，大家都回家了，教室里找不到一个人 "一个人"是什么，是宾语，也放在"找不到"的后面
Third, (everybody has gone home, on one is in the classroom).
What's the phrase 一个人? It's an object, and also follows 找不到 immediately. 也就是说，这个位置就放在后面就对了，放在后面就对了 如果可能补语 That's the right position to put the object after phrase. If the potential complement 为复合趋向动词，当宾语为数量（名）时 is compound directional complement and the object is quantifier, 可以位于复合趋向补语之间，也可以位于复合趋向补语的后面。 the object can be put between compound directional complement or after compound directional complement. 我们来看一下例子就比较清楚 第一例，我拿不出一千块钱来 Let's look at examples to make it clear. First example, (I can't afford to get one thousand). "拿不出来"是一个 可能补语，是一个可能补语的否定形式。 拿不出来 is a potential complement, a negative of potential complement. 那么这个宾语 放在什么呢？"出""来"的中间。 Where is the object placed? Between 出 and 来. 我们也可以说，他拿不出来 一千块钱，"一千块钱"放在哪呢？放在"出来"的后面，这两种形式
We can also say, 他拿不出
一千块钱, where is the phrase 一千块钱 placed? After 出来, both the forms 两个位置，都是可以的。 or positions are all right. 我们再看一个例子 你叫不回一个人来？ Let's look at another example, (can you call somebody back)? 那么叫不回一个人，"一个人"是宾语 它放在"回"和"来"的中间。 So 叫不回一个人, 一个人 is an object, which isput between 回 and 来. 第二个，你叫不回来一个人？ 这个"一个人"是宾语，放在什么呢，"回来"的后面，放在"回来"的后面
Second, 你叫不回来一个人？
The phrase 一个人 is an object, where is it? After 回来. 当宾语为数量（名）以外的成分的时候 只能位于复合趋向补语之间。 The object, except for quantifier, can be only placed between compound directional complement. 这个要特别注意，宾语不是数量（名） Here needs to be paid special attention, when the object is not quantifier, 它只能在复合趋向补语的之间，也就是说不能放在这个位置 我们看一下例子。 it must be put between compound directional complement. Let's look at examples. 一，这点钱拿不出手来 这是个宾语，这个宾语放在"出"和"来"之间 First, (this money is hardly presentable), it's an object which is between 出 and 来. 不可以，不可以说"这点钱拿不出来手" 第二，大家累得抬不起腿来，"腿"也是宾语，那个"腿"放在
We can't say 这点钱拿不出来手.
Second, (everyone is too tired to lift legs), the word 腿 is also an object, so 腿 is placed "起来"中间，"起来"的中间 四，几种特殊的可能补语 between 起来. Fourth, several special potential complement。 汉语中有一些特殊的可能补语，主要有以下两种 一，动词加上得 There are several special potential complements and below are the two major types. First, verb with 得. "动词+得"意思相当于"能+动词" 我们看一下例子。 "Verb + 得" has the similar meaning to "能 + verb". Let's look at examples. 一，你吃得，我也吃得 就是"动词+得"。 First, (you can eat, and so do I), that's "verb + 得". 第二例，她去得 我也去得。 Second example, (she can to and so do I). 所谓的"吃得"和"去得"，意思就相当于是能吃或者能去 这样的意思，就是"能+动词"。 The so called 吃得 and 去得 mean that you can eat and you can go. Such meaning can be expressed by "能 + verb". 不过呢，这种用法都用在口语中 而且动词非常少。 However, this kind of expression is commonly used in spoken language and the verbs are rarely. 那么常见的动词有什么呢？有这样一些，"看、 吃、 What are the common verbs? Such as 看, 吃, 去、 玩、 要、 动"等 要特别注意的是，就是"动词+得" 去, 玩, 要, 动 and so on . It is important to note that the sentence in which "verb + 得" 作谓语的句子，一般不能单独使用 也就是说一个动词加上得以后，不能单独成句 act as adjective generally can't be used alone, which means a verb with 得 can't form sentence. 后面呢要有对比句，也就是说要有两个分句，一起用的时候 It should be followed a contrastive sentence, and when there are two clauses used together, 才能够成立，我们看一下例子就比较清楚。 it's available, let's look at examples and will make it clear. 我们看例一，这东西有毒 吃不得。 Let's see the first example, (this stuff is toxic and can't be eaten). 第二个，那儿太危险 去不得。 Second, (that place is too dangerous to go). 那么 还应该注意的是什么呢？不少动词和形容词只能带"不得"，而不能带"得" So what else should be paid attention to? Lots of verbs and adjectives can only be followed by 不得, and can't be followed by 得. 即有"动词/形容词+不+得"，没有"动词 We use "verb/adjective + 不 +得", but not "verb /形容词+得"，这种"动词/形容词+ /adjective + 得", such "verb/adjective + 得"呢，相当于一个熟语，所谓熟语就相当于一个成语一样的差不多 我们看一下例子。 得 can be regards as a Shuyu, and the so called Shuyu is equivalent to an idiom, let's look at examples. 恨不得、 怪不得、 巴不得、 算不得、 急不得、 慢不得、 快不得、 恨不得, 怪不得, 巴不得, 算不得, 急不得, 慢不得, 快不得, 轻不得、 重不得 这些都是有点像一个词一样，像一个成语一样 轻不得, 重不得, these combinations are all something like a word or an idiom. 二，"动词/形容词+ 不 Second, "verb/adjective + 不 +了"，注意，在这不读了，是了 这个"了"就像一个动词一样。 + 了", notice here the word 了 can't be pronounced le but liao, it acts as a verb. "动词+形容词 +不+了"表示主观或者客观条件不容许 "Verb/adjective + 不 + 了" indicates that it's not allowed to realize by the objective or subjective condition, 实现，它也带有熟语性，就像一个词一样 我们看一下例子。 it's also an idiomatic expression, just like a word. Let's look at examples. 一，春天的雨大不了 也就是说，客观条件不允许大，这样的意思 First, (it won't rain heavily in spring), in other words, objective conditions are not allowed. 第二个例子，今天王老师有急事，来不了。 Second example, (teacher Wang have something urgent today and can't come). 所谓"来不了"什么意思，就是客观条件 不允许来，是这样的意思。 What does the so called 来不了 means, the objective conditions are not allowed to come. "动词/形容词+不+了"的 The affirmative form of "verb/adjective + 不 + 了" 肯定形式是"动词/形容词+得+了" 它多用于问答中。 is "verb/adjective + 得 + 了", which is commonly used in question-and-answer. 我们来看一下例子 A说，饺子你吃得了吃不了？是个问句 回答：吃得了，B说吃得了。 Let's look at examples, A said, (can you finish the dumplings or not)? It's a question. B answered, (I can finish). 第二例，A：明天我们去得了去不了？ 回答B，B说去得了 Second example, A: (can we go or not tomorrow)? B answers (we can go). 所以是用在问和答句中 Therefore it's used in questions and answers.
