本课程根据外国学生学习汉语的特点，比较系统地介绍了汉语的主要语法，像词类、句子成分、单句、复句、篇章、表达方法，等等；着重指出了外国学习者学习汉语语法的难点和重点，并通过大量有针对性的练习，帮助学习者去掌握、运用，从而提高学习者的汉语水平。 According to the characteristics of the foreign student learning Chinese, this course systematically introduces the main grammar of Chinese, such as part of speech, sentence constituent, single sentence, complex sentence, discourse, expression method. This course emphatically points out the important and difficult points in the foreign student’s Chinese grammar learning, and through a large number of targeted trainings, the course helps learners to master and use, thus to improve Chinese level of the learner.
课时 5：量词的类别
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来自 Peking University 的课程
现代汉语核心语法
11 个评分
从本节课中
第二讲 代词、数词和量词
第二讲主要包括以下语法点：（1）代词的类别和作用；（2）疑问代词的特殊用法；（3）数词的类别；（4）数词的作用；（5）量词的类别及量词、数量的重叠式；（6）数量作状语带“地”问题。
与讲师见面
Defeng YangProfessor
School of Chinese as a Second Language
第三节 量词 一. Section III quantifiers I.
量词的类别及量词、 数量的重叠式 （一）量词的类别表示人 The categories of quantifiers and the superposition of quantifiers and numbers (I) categories of quantifiersThe unit that represents the number of people,
事物数量的单位或动作发生次数的 单位叫做量词。 things, or the number of occurrences of actions is called a quantifier
量词可以根据意义分为名量词和动量词两类 我们先看一下 1. Quantifiers can be divided into two categories ofnominal words and verbal words according to their meaning let us see at first 1.
名量词 表示人、 事物数量的单位叫做名量词 Noun quantifiersThe units that represent people and things are called noun quantifiers.
名量词可以按照它们的性质进一步分类 分为专用量词和借用量词。 noun quantifiers can be further classified into specialized quantifiers and borrowed quantifiers by their nature
（1）专用量词 (1)Special quantifiers
专门做人或事物数量的单位，这样的量词叫做 专用量词。 The quantifier of a unit that specializes in the number of people or things is called a special quantifier.
主要有以下的这些。 The main ones are as follows.
我们来看一下表格 那么，专用量词主要有这些类：一个是个体单位。 Let's take a look at the table,so, there are mainly these special classifiers: one is an individual unit.
所谓个体单位就是一个的我们经常说的"个、 条、 根、 张、 颗"这都是。 The so-called individual units is one. We often say that "ge, tiao, gen, zhang, and ke"are all individual units.
集体单位就是两个以上的这样的单位的 我们有"双、 对、 副、 群、 批"。 Collective units are more than two such units, such as: “shuang, dui, fu,qun, pi”.
度量衡单位的有"厘米、 立方米、 千克"。 Weights and measures units have "cm, cubic meters, and kilograms."
还有货币单位，就是 钱的，有"块（元）、 毛（角）、 And currency unit, about money, such as:” kuai(yuan), mao(jiao),
分"，还有时间单位"分、 分钟、 点、 刻"，还有就是不定量词 fen” and time unit, such as” fen, fen zhong, dian, ke”In addition, indefinite Quantifier
就是它表示量不太确定，比较含糊，所以有 "些、 点儿"这样的就是。 It means that the amount is not sure and vague, such as: “xie, dian er”.
这些都是专用量词、 专用量词 应该注意的是 These are special quantifiers, and it should be noted that
"天""周""年""分"还有"秒（钟）" 这些都是量词，不是名词 “tian”, “zhou”, “fen” and “miao(zhong)” are quantifiers, not nouns.
这个学习，外国学生学习的时候很容易弄错、 很容易弄错 比如说下面的说法都错了。 It is easy to make mistakes here. For example,
比如说一个天 不成立，不可以说一个周、 一个年都不可以。 “yi ge tian” is not right. “yi ge zhou” and “yi ge nian” are also wrong.
为什么呢？ 学生误以为"天、 周、 年"都是名词，实际上 Why? students often think that “tian(day), zhou(week) and nian(year)” are nouns, actually,
这些"天、 周、 年"都是量词，所以只说一天、 一周、 They are quantifiers. Therefore, the expression of “yi tian (one day), yi zhou(one week),
一年就可以了 （2）借用量词 Yi nian(one year)” is okay. (2)Borrowed quantifiers
一些表示容器或身体器官的名词，比如说"箱 桌、 Some nouns that represent containers or body organs, such as "boxes, desks,
盆、 盘、 碗、 锅、 桶、 身、 手、 脸、 basins, plates, bowls, pots, pails, bodies, hands, faces,
脚"等 可以临时借用来做量词使用 feet," can be temporarily borrowed to be used as quantifiers
例如：我买了一箱苹果，这个"箱"，"箱"就是箱子的意思 箱子应该是个名词。 For example: I bought a box of apples. The “box” shall be a noun.
在这个时候它临时 当做一个量词来使用 我们再看第②例：哥哥踩了一脚泥。 It is temporarily borrowed to be used asa quantifier. Let us see the example ②: Brother stepped on a mud with his foot.
这个"脚"是什么？"脚"就是名词了 但是在这儿呢，"一脚泥"这个是表示一个量词 2. What is the “foot”? noun, however, “yi jiao ni”(a mud with his foot) represents a quantifier 2.
动量词表示动作行为发生的次数的单位叫做动量词 Verb quantifiers The unit that indicates the number of occurrences of an action is called a verb quantifier.
动量词可以分为专用动量词和借用动量词两种 （1）专用动量词 Verb quantifiers can be divided into two kinds of special verb quantifiers and borrowed verb quantifiers (1) special verb quantifiers
专门表示动作行为发生的次数的单位叫做专用动量词 这种动量词主要有"回、 A unit that specifically indicates the number of times an action takes place is called a special verb quantifier This kind of verbal words mainly include “hui,
趟、 次、 遍、 下、 阵 场、 顿"等。 tang, ci, bian,xia, zhen, chang, dun and so on.
例如，我们来看一个例子 中国我去过一次。 For instance, I have been to China once (yi ci).
这个"次"就是一个动量词 动量词。 The “ci” is a verb quantifier. verb quantifier
（2）借用动量词 表示四肢器官的名词 (2) borrowed verb quantifiers The nouns that represent the limbs
以及表示行为动作工具的名词，像"拳、 脚、 眼、 口、 and the nouns that express the tools of action, such as "fist, foot, eye, mouth,
刀、 枪"等 也可以临时借用来作动量词使用 例如，我们来看一下：他打了我一拳。 knife, gun"can also be temporarily borrowed to be used asverb quantifiers. For example,He punched me with his fist.
这个"拳"是什么呢？ 这个"拳"应该是个名词，是拳头的意思，是个名词，但是在这是 What the fist is? A noun However, it is
当做一个量词来使用了。 used as a verb quantifier.
那么常见量词的这个使用情况 我们看一下，这个表格里边 Let us have a look at the usage of common quantifiers. In this chart,
这些都是什么呢？都是我们常见的 名量词。 what are these? They are common noun quantifiers.
常见的名量词我们说有"个、 位、 条、 件 根、 本、 块、 张"等。 Common noun quantifiers include “ge, wei, tiao, jian, gen, ben, kuai, zhang” and so forth.
它的主要的使用情况 就是它，比如说"个"用来说人或者事物的 它的适用范围。 About its usage, take an example of “ge”,
它经常搭配的名词主要"人、 鸡蛋、 香蕉、 It is often accompanied by nouns of"people, eggs, bananas,
问题" 那么"位"呢，这个是也是用来用于什么呢？尊敬的人，它的使用对象 And questions”What about “wei”? It is used for respectful people.
那么它搭配的名词有"朋友、 老师、 客人、 先生"，就是它们经常一起用，可以说一位朋友、 一位老师 一位客人。
It is often accompanied by nouns of “friends, teachers, guests,
gentlemen”. For example, “yi wei friend, yi wei teacher and yi wei guest.”
"条"呢？"条"是用于细长的东西 它的适用对象，那么主要的搭配的名词有裤子、 What about “tiao”? “tiao” is used for slender things. Its object of application, and is often accompanied by nouns of pants,
毛巾、 鱼、 河、 腿 我们经常说一条裤子、 一条毛巾、 一条鱼、 一条河、 一条 腿等。
Towel, fish, river, legsWe often say that “yi tiao ku zi (pants),
Yi tiao mao jin(towel), yi tiao yu(fish), yi tiao he(river), yi tiao tui(leg),etc.
那么"件"呢？"件"是用于个体的事物 那么它经常搭配的有衣服、 事情。 What about “jian”? “jian” is used for individual things. It is often accompanied by nouns of clothes and things.
也就是说一件衣服，一件事情 由于时间的问题，我们就不一一解释说明了。 That is, “yi jian yi fu(cloth), yi jian shi qing(thing). Due to the issue of time, we will not explain them one by one.
大家可以看一下这个表格就可以 那么下面这个"片、 把、 台、 You can see the chart. And then let us move to the usage of “pian, ba, tai,
架、 支" 这个它的使用情况，搭配的名词，我们都罗列出来了 便于学习和使用。 Jia, zhi”. The nouns that match them are listed in order to learn and use.
我们也不细说 下面还有一些"所、 We will not talk about them specifically. There are some usages of “suo,
家、 种 样、 门、 首、 篇、 段"，它的使用情况 Jia, zhong, yang, men, shou, pian, duan”
我们都说得很详细，然后搭配的名词，这些都是我们常见的 搭配的名词，所以呢这个大家可以这么练习一下就可以了
We have talked them in detail. The matched nouns are common
So you just practice them.
下面还有一些"份、 棵 粒、 对、 There are some usages of “fen, ke, li, dui,
双、 副、 套"它们的使用情况 搭配的名词。 Shuang, fu, tao” and matched nouns.
（2） 常见的动量词。 (2) Common verb quantifiers
前面是我们说的都是名词的 常见的动量词，常见的动量词主要有什么呢？"次、 In front of what we are talking about are the common verb quantifiers of nouns.What are the main verb quantifiers? The usages of “ci,
下、 回 趟、 遍、 场、 阵、 顿"等。 Xia, hui, tang, bian, chang, zhen, dun,” etc.
这些量词的使用情况 我们看一下表格。 Let us take a look at the chart.
"次、 下、 回"它使用的情况 主要是用于什么呢？反复出现的行为动作，或者反复出现的事情
What is condition of “ci, xia, hui”? Recurring behaviors or recurring things
跟它经常搭配的动词、 动词 主要有这些"去、 The verbs that often matchwith it mainly include “go,
来、 学、 玩、 打、 骂 说、 做、 吃、 写、 打印"。 Come, learn, play, fight, curse, say, do, eat, write, and print”.
名词 有"饭、 电影、 会、 约会、 And nouns mainly include “meal, movie, meeting, date,
可"，那是什么意思呢？就是说，举个例子来说：去，我们可以说去一次 去一次；学，学一次。
What does this mean? For example: qu (go), can be expressed like, qu yi ci; xue(learn), can be expressed like, xue yi ci.
那么 玩，玩一次，这样的意思，所以是写，写一次 就是这样的。 More examples, wan(play), can be expressed like, wan yi ci. So does xie (write).
"下"呢？表示行为动作进行的次数 What about “xia”? it represents number of times the action was performed
用于短时间的，注意它是短时间的行为动作 动作行为。 Used for short time, pay attention, it is behavior action in a short time.
那么，跟"下"经常搭配的有哪些动词呢 就是有这些"说、 So, what are verbs matched with “xia”? they are “say,
看、 听、 介绍、 等、 找、 洗 打、 敲、 骂、 写、 讲、 复习、 预习"等，等等。
watch, listen, introduce, wait, find, wash, hit, knock,
curse, write, speak, review, preview”, etc.
那么它后面的 就是"一下"，这个后面出现的名词主要有"作业、 电话、 词典、 The word after them is “yi xia”, and then they will be followed by “homework, telephone,dictionary,
课文、 汉字"等等 由于这个时间的问题，我们就不一一介绍，这里面都写得很详细 text, Chinese character” and so forth. Due to the issue of this time, we will not introduce one by one. they are written in great detail.
大家可以参照这个表格去进行学习、 使用 You can learn and use according to this chart.
下面的也是一样，"趟、 遍、 场、 阵、 顿" 使用的情况。 The followings are the same. The usage of “tang, bian, chang, zhen, dun”
比如说"趟"吧，表示走动的次数，注意是"走动"的，跟"走"有关系的 动词。 Take an example of “tang”, referring to times of verbs, such as: “walk,
那么它的动词主要有"去、 来、 跑"，经常搭配的名词 "车、 北京、 中"。 come, run”, which are often matched with nouns of “car, Beijing, zhong (-ing)”.
举个例子来说："去"可以说什么呢？去一趟 去一趟什么？去一趟北京。 For example: “qu” (go) often matched with “yi tang” and followed by the name of places, such as “Beijing”.
所以这样的使用。 It is used like his.
"来"，来一趟北京 来一趟中国。 “lai” (come), “lai yi tang Beijing”“lai yi tang China”
这样的用，"遍"其他的一些情况都很详细 Other conditions of “bian” is stated in great detail.
