第二节，叹词。 Second, interjection 叹词的类别和作用 （一）叹词的类别，用来表达强烈的感情或表示呼唤、 Types and functions of interjection (I) Types of interjection, the word that is used to express a strong feeling, call, or 应答的词叫做叹词 叹词可以按照意义分为表达强烈感情的和表达呼唤、 应答的两类 1. the answer is called interjection. According to the meaning, interjections can be divided two categories of the expression of strong feelings and expression call, and answer. 1. 表达强烈感情的叹词 这类叹词有表达强烈的感情，主要有"哈哈" Interjections that express a strong feeling include “haha”, "唉"、 "啊"、 "哎呀"、 "哦"等 例如，我们来看两个例子。 “ai”, “a”, “aiya”, “o” and so on. For example, 第一个：哈哈，原来是你呀！这个"哈哈"就是一个叹词 第二个：啊，你的护照丢了？这个"啊" 也是一种叹词。
The first one: “haha, yuan lai shi ni ya!” (Oh, it is you!) The “haha” here is an interjection.
The second one: “a, ni de hou zhao diu le?” (Oh, your passport is lost?) The “a” here is also an interjection. 第三呢，哎呀，我忘了带钱了！这个"哎呀" 也是一种叹词，它们表达一定的感情，或者强烈的感情 2.
The third, “aiya, wo wang le dai qian le!” (Oh, I forget my money). The “aiya”
is also an interjection to express a strong feeling. 2. 表示呼唤、 应答的叹词，这类叹词呢不表达强烈的感情 Interjections that express call or answer This kind of interjections does not express strong feelings 只用来表示呼唤或者应答，主要有 "嗯"、 But call or answer, including “en”, "唉"、 "喂"、 "嘿"等，例如 嗯，我知道了。 “ai”, “wei”, “hei”, etc. for example, “en, wo zhi dao le.” (eh, I know) 这个例一的"嗯，我知道了。 The example one of “en, wo zhi dao le.” " 表示应答。 represents an answer. 第二个例子 唉，我在这儿。 Example two, “ai, wo zai zhe er.” (Hey, I am here). "唉"也是表示应答的意思 （二）叹词的作用。 “ai” also represents an answer. (II) Function of interjections 叹词的语法功能非常单一，只能单独使用，不能充当任何句子成分 The grammar function of Interjection is very simple, can only be used alone, and cannot act as any sentence component. 例如，第一个：啊，我知道了！这个"啊"后面有个逗号，意思是说跟"我知道了"没有- 什么关系
For example: “a, wo zhi dao le!” (Oh, I know). There is a comma after the “a”. it means that “I know, it is okay.” 第二例的：哎哟！这可怎么办哪！这个"哎哟"的后面有感叹号 Example two: “aiyou! zhe ke zen me ban na!” There is an exclamation point after the “aiyou” 表示呢也是跟后面的句子没有关系，所以是所谓的单独地使用 同一个叹词语调不同，表达感情常常不同。
It is not related to the sentence after it. It can be used singly.
The same interjection with different tone often expresses different feelings. 我们来比较一下，我们看第一个 哎呀！你怎么还没走呀？这有一种吃惊的意思了 Let us compare them. Example one, “aiya! Zi zen me mei zou ya?” (Oh, why are you still here?) It has the meaning of surprise. 第二个：哎呀，你怎么又迟到了？这个比较低一点，所以带着的是什么呢，埋怨的意思 Example two: “aiya, ni zen me you chi dao le?” (Oh, how is it that you are late again?) It has the meaning of complaint. 所以呢，我们说语调不同，它的这个感情色彩，这两个"哎呀" Therefore, different tone, such as “aiya”, 表达的色彩，表达的感情色彩是不同的 第三节，象声词。 represents different emotional color. The third one, onomatopoeia 象声词的类别和作用 （一）象声词的类别 1. Types and functions of onomatopoeia (I) types of onomatopoeia 1. 定型象声词 所谓定型象声词是指书写形式和表示声音是固定的 Stable onomatopoeia the so-called stable onomatopoeia represents that written form and voice is fixed. 像"哈哈"表示笑声，"呜呜"表示哭声，例如 大家听完以后都哈哈大笑起来。 Such as “haha” represents laughter, and “wuwu” represents crying. For example, “da jia ting wan yi hou dou haha da xiao qi lai.” (Everyone laughed after listening) 这个"哈哈"就是一个象声词 2. The “haha” is onomatopoeia 2. 不定型象声词 这类象声词有的书写形式不固定，有的表示声音不固定 可以表示多种声音。 Unstable onomatopoeia. The writing form or the sound of this kind of onomatopoeia is unstable. It can represent various sounds. 像水滴落下来的声音，可以是"嘀嗒"，也可以是"滴答"，这两种 写法不一样，汉字不一样 For example, the sound of falling water can be “嘀嗒" or “滴答”. The writing form of Chinese character is different. "呱"可以表示鸭子的叫声，也可以表示青蛙的叫声 例如，我们来看两个例子。 “gua” can represent the sound of ducks or frogs. Let us see some examples. 水嘀哒、 嘀哒地，这个"嘀哒"是用的是这个 第二个，鸭子欢快地呱、 呱、 呱地叫着。 “shui dida, dida de”, the “dida” is used to express the feeling of it. The second, “ya zi huan kuai de gua, gua, gua de jiao zhe.” (Ducks quack, quack, quack cheerfully) 这个是表示鸭子的 声音。 This is the sound of ducks. （二）象声词的作用 1. (II) Function of onomatopoeia 1. 做状语。 Used as adverbials 象声词啊常常用来做状语 比如说我们看一个例子。 Onomatopoeia is often used as adverbial. For example, 第一个例子，风 呼呼地刮着，"呼呼"是做状语。 Example one, “feng huhu de gua zhe” (the wind is whistling). The “huhu” here is an adverbial. 第二个例子，孩子在楼上咚咚咚地 跑过来跑过去，真吵人！这个"咚咚咚地"也是做状语 Example two, “hai zi zai lou shang dong dong dong de pao guo lai pao guo qu, zhen chao ren!” (The child ran in the upstair over and over again, it is really noisy!) The “dong dong dong de” is also used as an adverbial. 三，应该注意下面的问题：第一个，单音节象声词做状语 Third, the following issues shall be noted: the first one, monosyllable onomatopoeia is used as an adverbial 一般要带"地"，我们来看一下例子。 The “de” is usually added. Let us see some examples. 第一个例子，门砰地，这个有一个"地"，关上了 第二个例子：水哗地流了一地。 Example one, “men peng de,” there is a “de” here, “guan shang le”. (The door banged shut). Example two: “shui hua de liu le yi di.” (Water flowed to the ground). 这个也要带个"地" 因为什么呢，单音节，一个汉字。 There shall be a “de” here as well. Why? Monosyllable, a Chinese character （2） 双音节、 多音节象声词做状语可以带"地"，也可以不带"地"，我们来看一个例子 (2) “de” is freely used when two syllables, multi-syllable onomatopoeia are used as adverbials. Let us see some examples. ①他们两个叽叽咕咕地说了半天。 ① “ta men liang ge ji ji gu gu de shuo le ban tian.” (they jumbled for a long time.) 叽叽咕咕 所以呢是带"地"，带"地" 2. “ji ji gu gu” is added with “de” 2. 做定语 象声词也可以带"的"做定语。 Used as attributes Onomatopoeia can also be added with “de” to be used as an attribute. 例如，第一个例子我们看，听着 滴答、 For example, “wo men kan, ting zhe dida, 滴答的雨声，"滴答、 滴答"表示雨声的这个 dida de yu shen”. The “dida, dida” represents the sound of rain. 声音，所以作为一个定语，后面有个"的"，一会儿就睡着了 第二个，"呱叽呱叽"的掌声持续了很长的时间。
Therefore, as an attribute, there is a “de”. “yi hui er jiu shui zhao le.” (fall in sleep soon.)
Second, “gua ji gua ji de zhang shen chi xu le henchang de shi jian.” (The applause of "quack grumble" lasted a long time). 这个"呱叽呱叽"也是个象声词 它也做定语，修饰那个掌声。 The “gua ji gua ji” is also onomatopoeia. It is an attribute to modify the applause. 3. 3. 单独使用。 Single use 象声词也可以单独使用 我们来看一下例子，第一个：砰！砰！砰！远处传来 几声枪响。 Onomatopoeia can also be used singly. Let us see some examples. Example one: “Peng! Peng! Peng! Yuan chu chuan lai ji shen qiang xiang.” (Boom! boom! boom! A few shots fired in the distance.) "砰！砰！砰！"是单独使用。 “Peng! Peng! Peng!” is singly used. 第二个："呱叽"，孩子重重地 摔在了地上。 Example two: “Gua ji, hai zi zhong zhong de shuai zai di shang.” ("Quack grumble", the child fell heavily on the ground.) 这个"呱叽"也是单独使用，就是跟后面的句子没有发生任何关系 The “gua ji” is also singly used and it is not related with the following sentences. 好，今天就讲到这里，谢谢大家！ Today’s class is coming to the end. Thank you!
