什么是幸福并且美满的人生的决定性因素呢？ 这毫无疑问是一个人最重大的人生问题，我们无数的先人同样对此感兴趣。佛教的创始人佛陀为了寻找幸福甚至放弃了他的王国。一些希腊哲学家（从亚里士多德到伊比鸠鲁，从柏拉图到苏格拉底）都有他们各自不同的关于如何获得幸福的看法。当然，我们每个人都有自己对于幸福的理解。 如何确认我们各自的理解有多正确呢？ 直到最近，如果你希望得到这个问题的答案，你不得不依靠心灵导师对此的讨论。或者，如果你足够幸运，你可以基于你在深夜（或在醉人的氛围中）与你的朋友和家人讨论。值得高兴的是，现在我们有了彻底不同的评估方式。在过去的十五年里，科学家对此进行了深入的大范围的研究。现在，我们对于是什么因素使人过伤幸福且美满的生活有了非常深刻的洞知。 这门一流的课程，是由印度商学院和德州奥斯汀大学McCombs商学院联合推出的。Raj 教授整合不同领域的内容：包括心理学，神经科学，行为决策理论，从而提出的经过实践检测以及现实可操作性的实现幸福而美满的一生的秘诀。 虽然并非必须，但如果学有余力的话，阅读Raj 教授即将出版的《如果你很聪明，为什么你还不幸福？》（《If you're so smart, why aren't you happy?》，中文名待定，中文版未出）这本书，将有助于你复习和理解本门课程的内容。 一些知名的思想家将会在这门课程中露面，包括： 杜克大学商学院教授，Dan Ariely（《怪诞行为学》的作者，即将出版《Irrationally yours》） 伊利诺伊大学，Ed Diener教授，人称：幸福博士 芝加哥大学心理学，Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi教授，（《当下的幸福：我们并非不快乐》的作者） 通过这门课的学习，你将探索以下问题的答案： 为什么聪明又成功的人并不像人们想象的那样快乐？ 什么是聪明又成功的人也会犯的“摧毁幸福的七宗罪”？ 什么是“七个获得极致幸福的好习惯”，你又该如何将他们应用在你的生活里？ 在学习完这门课程之后，那些用功学习以及坚持不懈的实践的同学，将不仅仅获得什么是科学的幸福有更深层次的理解，并且也会生活的更加幸福。 翻译: ZhengHong | 审阅: Coursers Global Translator Community
Week 1 Video 6: Overview of 1st deadly happiness sin: Devaluing happiness
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来自 Indian School of Business 的课程
幸福美满的一生
3139 个评分
从本节课中
Module 2: The 1st sin, habit, and exercise
与讲师见面
Dr. Rajagopal Raghunathan
Marketing
[MUSIC]
>> Hello.
Hola.
Nihow.
Namaste and aloha.
Of all these greetings from all around the world,
can you tell me which one is my favorite?
So you know why aloha is my favorite greeting?
Because it stands for A Life Of Happiness And Fulfillment.
Get it?
Aloha's the acronym for this course, that's why it's my favorite.
This course, of course is all about what it takes to lead a happy and
fulfilling life.
And as I mentioned in the last video, the reason we aren't as happy and
fulfilled as we could or
should be is because of the seven deadly happiness sins that we commit.
In this video, I'm going to introduce to you the first of these seven deadly sins,
which is devaluing happiness.
Devaluing happiness means not giving happiness much priority in our lives.
It means sacrificing happiness for the sake of other things.
Now, you might find it strange that people would be willing
to sacrifice happiness for the sake of other things.
Findings from several surveys show that happiness is one of our
most important goals.
One survey found that happiness was rated the highest among 12 possible goals,
including goals like success, knowledge and material wealth.
In a survey that I conducted with my coauthors,
we two found very similar results.
We gave the respondents a list of 16 important life goals,
like being rich spiritual group, finding a purpose in life,
being happy, et cetera and we asked them to rank these codes.
We found that happiness was the second most important goal after fulfilling
relationships.
The difference between happiness and
fulfilling relationships was actually statistically non-significant.
Meaning that for all practical purposes, happiness emerged
as the joint top goal along with fulfilling relationships.
Given how important happiness is you would think that people would not
sacrifice it for other goals, but as we are soon going to see, they routinely do.
I got my first hint that people sacrificed happiness for
other groups to something that I call the genie question,
which many of you answered in the precourse survey that we sent out to you.
The genie question goes like this.
Imagine that a genie similar to the one in Aladdin's story appears in
front of you and offers you three wishes.
What wishes would you make?
If happiness is a very important goal, people should be asking the genie for
happiness.
But as it turns out, they often don't.
In fact, very few people, only about 6% ask for happiness.
As it turns out, the top three items on people's genie wish
list are money, fame and success and relationships.
The items on the genie wish list hinted the kinds of things for
which people routinely sacrificed happiness.
Notice that the top two items are extrinsic things money and status.
This suggests that people routinely sacrifice happiness for
the sake of money and status.
We are now at Bajaj Hall,
one of the many dining areas of the Indian School of Business and I've brought you
here to show you how we often sacrifice happiness for the sake of value for money.
[SOUND] Imagine that you are salad bar similar to this one here and you could
load your plate with whatever you wanted to eat and pay by the pound out there.
So for example, you could load your plate with.
>> Cucumber, carrot, beet, turnip, cabbage, radish and capsicum.
>> Yummy.
Makes me want to stop the lecture and start eating immediately.
So as you can see, I've loaded my plate with some items and
now I'm going to pay by the pound.
How much is it ma'am?
>> 1 million rupees!
[SOUND] >> [LAUGH]
>> Now imagine,
as I said a little while back that you're at a salad bar similar to this one,
behind me.
The salad bar has multiple items, including chickpeas and grilled chicken.
Imagine that you love chickpeas, which, by the way,
we call Chana in India a And that you don't like grilled chicken.
But at the same time, you recognize that pound for
pound, the grilled chicken costs much more than chickpeas.
What would you do?
Would you pick option A, which is load your plate with chickpeas and
avoid the grilled chicken, because that's what you enjoy more.
Or would you pick option B, which is take at least a little bit of grilled chicken,
even though you don't like it, just so that you can get some value for money.
This is exactly the situation in which my cousin found himself
when I took him to a salad bar in Austin, as soon as he had landed from India.
Salad bar had chickpeas and grilled chicken and
it turns out that my cousin loves chickpeas and he hates grilled chicken.
What do you think my cousin did?
That's right.
My cousin sacrificed enjoyment of his salad for the sake of value for money.
In other words, my cousin sacrificed happiness for the sake of value for money.
I say that he sacrificed happiness for value for money, because it turned out
that he didn't even finish eating the chicken, even though he had paid for it.
I've use my cousin's experience in some studies.
In the studies, we describe a scenario very similar to the salad
bar scenario that I just told you about.
Participants first read the following passage.
Imagine that you are at the salad bar as a restaurant that charges you by the pound,
you fill your plate with whatever you want and you pay $5.99 a pound.
There are many things that you can add to your salad and
you know that certain things.
For example, grilled chicken are more expensive than certain other things.
For example, chick peas.
Imagine that you enjoy the less expensive items more than you enjoy the more
expensive items.
For example, you find chickpeas to be tastier than grilled chicken.
Then we asked one set of participants,
what should a person who wishes to maximize happiness do?
And ask them to choose one of the following two options.
Option A, add some grilled chicken to the salad, so that you get your money's worth.
Option B, add chickpeas and avoid the grilled chicken altogether, so
that they derive greater enjoyment.
When we do this, 98% of the participants.
In other words,
almost everybody agrees that that option B is the best way to maximize happiness.
This makes sense, of course.
Both the chicken and the chickpeas are more or less equally healthy.
So what's the point of eating something that you don't enjoy much?
And yet, when we asked another set of participants to indicate which
option they would pick of the two, if they were at a salad bar,
we found that many of them attempted to prioritize value for money over happiness.
Specifically of the two options that you see on the screen, only 78% said that
they would load their plate with chickpeas and completely avoid the grilled chicken.
So think about it.
98% say that the happiness maximizing option is option B.
And yet, only 78% picked this option.
This suggests that about 20% or
1 in 5 of us sacrificed happiness for value for money.
Now you might think that the salad bar scenario is a one-off situation,
but let me assure you that it isn't.
There are many other such situations in life in
which people sacrifice happiness for the sake of other goods.
To tell you about another situations in which people sacrifice their happiness,
let me take you to the swimming pool at ISB.
We are now at the swimming pool at the beautiful campus of the Indian School of
Business and I brought you here to tell you how sometimes,
we sacrifice happiness for the sake of being right.
Imagine that you're in a very satisfying romantic relationship with
a wonderful boyfriend.
However, there is one area in which you want him to improve.
You want him to lose weight.
You've given him good advice on how to lose weight, which includes eating
healthy food and swimming, but he never follows your advice.
This continues for several months.
Then one day, he comes home very excited and
tells you that he's met somebody else and
a good looking person he has met who has motivated him to adopt a new lifestyle.
A lifestyle that will enable him to lose weight.
As he tells you about this new lifestyle, you recognize that it is actually very
similar to the one that you've been recommending to him all along,
including eating healthy food and swimming.
Your partner appears to have been convinced by another person to make
the very changes that you have been asking him to make.
What would you do?
Option A,
point out angrily to him that the other person hasn't told you anything new.
Or option B, congratulate him for having figured out how to achieve his goal.
In our studies, 86% picked option B as the happiness maximizing option.
People realize that in a relationship, you can often either be right or
you can be happy, you can't be both.
And yet, only 72% pick option B when they're asked what
they would do if they were in that situation.
So, around 14% or 1 in 7 seem willing to sacrifice happiness for
the sake of being right.
In this video, I describe two scenarios in which people sacrifice happiness.
You may wonder, whether these scenarios are all that commonplace or
even that important.
So in the next video, I'm going to discuss how we sacrifice happiness in one of
the most common and most important scenarios in our lives.
Job selection scenario.
See you in a bit.
[MUSIC]
