In the last sessions, we have discussed many of the complex issues to consider in providing sexual and reproductive health services for women, girls, men, and boys in humanitarian emergencies. Now, we will spend a few minutes thinking about how these services may look different in different phases of Emergency Response. To start, reproductive health services are one of the essential health services highlighted in International Guidance for Acute Response in humanitarian settings. At the core of this guidance, is a set of services that should be provided, a minimum standard. The Minimum Initial Service Package for reproductive health is a coordinated set of activities designed to address priority needs in the early days and weeks of an emergency. It forms the starting point for sexual and reproductive health programming and should be sustained and built upon with comprehensive health services to meet population needs in protracted crises and settings recovering from emergencies. The Minimum Initial Service Package has six objectives. These are: to ensure the health sector or cluster identifies an organization to lead implementation of the myth, to prevent sexual violence and respond to the needs of survivors, to prevent the transmission of and reduce morbidity and mortality due to HIV, to prevent excess maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality, to prevent unintended pregnancies, and to plan for comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services integrated into primary care as soon as possible. Under each of these pillars, are a core set of minimum activities designed to be provided from the outset of an emergency. It is also important to ensure that safe abortion care is available to the full extent of the law and health centers and hospitals. On the next few slides, we will look at the pillars for the topics we discussed earlier in this module and the key minimum interventions to be provided. First, preventing unintended pregnancies. The minimum activities for preventing unintended pregnancies are to ensure availability of a range of long-acting reversible and short-acting contraceptive methods to meet demand at primary healthcare facilities. Providing information and ensuring contraceptive counseling that emphasizes informed choice and effectiveness and supports client privacy and confidentiality is essential wherever services are provided. Finally, ensuring the crisis affected community is aware of the availability of services for women, adolescents, and men should be done immediately. Further activities to generate demand for contraceptives are part of a comprehensive service package that should be expanded as soon as possible, but not necessarily in the first days of an emergency response. The MISP pillar for preventing and responding to GBV focuses on sexual violence. The key activities to prevent sexual violence and respond to the needs of survivors are to work with multi-sector actors to put in place preventive measures at the community, local, and district levels to protect affected populations particularly women and girls, to make clinical care and referral services available for survivors of sexual violence, and to put in place confidential and safe spaces within health facilities to receive and provide survivors with appropriate clinical care. These services should be expanded as soon as possible to prevent and respond to the needs of survivors of other forms of GBV. These two examples illustrate how minimum and comprehensive services are differentiated for two components of sexual and reproductive health. Crisis seldom take a linear clear cut path from emergency, to stability, recovery, and development. Often, they're complex with settings experiencing varying degrees of improvement or deterioration that can last decades. The provision of sexual and reproductive health services must therefore take into account the non-linear trajectory of a crisis and the gaps in services due to insecurity competing priorities or swindling funds and protracted settings. Comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services should be provided as soon as possible to reach as many women, men, girls, and boys as possible, and expanded as feasible within resources. I hope you found this introduction interesting and are curious to learn more about other aspects of sexual and reproductive health and rights in humanitarian settings. A few key messages to keep in mind as you do so. First, contraception, abortion, maternal, and newborn health, they are all integrally linked and need full consideration in humanitarian response. Second, although prevention treatment of sexually transmitted infections including HIV and prevention and treatment of reproductive cancers were not covered in this module, they are equally important components of sexual and reproductive health. Health information and services are human rights and critical to health, well being, and development. Finally, the MISP is the starting point. Every effort should be made to provide comprehensive services as soon and as often as possible in every setting.