Another important problem with line charts is the effect of aspect ratio on the chart. So, let me first explain what aspect ratio is. So, aspect ratio is very simple. It's the ratio between the width and height of the graph. Now, why is this important? So, let me show you an example. Here we have exactly the same line chart, and the only thing that differs between these three versions is the actual aspect ratio of the graph. So, what is the proportion between width, width and height? As you can see, if we stretch the graph and we increase the width with respect to the height or the other way around, some patterns are more or less visible. So typically, if you stretch it in this direction, we see less of a change, whereas if we compress it, we tend to exaggerate the changes. So, now what is the best the proportion between width and height of a graph for a given line chart? So, it turns out that one solution that has been developed is the idea of banking to 45 degrees. This has been developed by Cleveland and McGill in the late 80s, and the idea here is that the proportion between the width and the height should be the one that leads to an average slope of the lines within the line chart as close as possible to 45 degrees. So, here is an example that is taken from the paper, from the original paper, where this idea has been developed. The plot that you see on the top is the original version, and the one that you see that you see at the bottom is the one with banking at 45 degrees, and as you can see, you can see more patterns and then they are much more visible. So now, I don't think that you should use this rule all the time, it's not really necessarily practical unless you have a tool that does that automatically for you. But in general what I would say, that the rule of thumb is always to play with the aspect ratio to see if something is too exaggerated or something is not visible enough. So, rule of thumb is always play with the aspect ratio and try to figure out what is the best proportion between width and height.