[MUSIC] The grouping funerary deities was perhaps the most populated class of all having so many resident as well as visiting divinities. Because of the significant amount of funerary material that has survived into modern times, we have knowledge of the many gods and goddesses who played a role in this environment. A chronography of the gods in mortuary settings is limited in the earlier periods and must have been part of decorum, an overriding set of rules. Texts referring to them exist but not depictions. The closest we come is in the middle kingdom in the Book of Two Ways, the first illustrated text of the afterlife. And you can see some of the creatures in the afterlife environment. It is not until the 18th dynasty of the New Kingdom that we begin to see a host of funerary deities regularly in funerary contexts. They appear in scenes on the walls of royal mortuary temples of the New Kingdom. And then we also find them in royal tombs. Statuary of funerary deities existed in the mortuary temples as well. In reliefs and painting, the focus is on the Pharoah in the company of a variety of gods. Some deities can occur in both tomb and the temple. Others, however, remain in one or the other context. The king of the underworld, Osiris, more often remains in tomb iconography. Others like Amon-Re, however, appear more in temple context. The wife, sister of Osiris, Isis and their sister Nephthys, the gods Horus and Anubis, they all can appear in tombs, as well as elsewhere. With private people, it's not until a bit later that gods become part of the tomb iconography. At first, in the mid 18th dynasty, deities are limited mainly to Osiris and his immediate family. And sometimes Thoth and Anubis can also occur. They can appear in the upper chapel, which is a private analogy to the royal mortuary structures. But they also can adorn the walls of burial chambers. By the beginning of the 19th dynasty all manner of gods appear in private context such as Re, Horus, as well as the deities associated with embalming such as Anubis. We can also find Nephthys, Selket, Neith, Isis. These are the four goddesses associated with the four sons of Horus, Imsety, Hapi, Duamutef and Qebehsenuef. All of whom were there to guard and protect the internal organs of the deceased. Demons, demigods and personifications of the underworld made up other members of this environment. In addition, we see major deities like Ptah and Hathor, who also took part in aspects of the afterlife. But their role was not as significant in that context as that of others. The presence of such major national deities, however, indicates that the Egyptians had no difficulties with their gods functioning in more than one capacity. And they assigned many roles to them. Ra, for example, was instrumental not only as a funerary deity, but a national one as well. But he is most often amalgamated with another god, like Amun-Re, or represented as an aspect of the sun in its many forms. The actual disk of the sun indicates Ra as well. Hathor appears in the context of the afterlife as well, and was also a state deity. She had an international role and also was the focus of local cults. The Egyptians did not treat each god in exactly the same way throughout the country. With the local district or domestic deities, the relationship was more personal, and access was more direct and less formal. Other divinities that maintained more prominent positions in the hierarchy of the Pantheon, however, were worshiped at more of a distance. And they could have chapels miles away from their local centers.