[MUSIC] [SOUND] Managing stress takes a lot of skill and knowledge on behalf of the producers and their veterinarians, and animal care givers. What we've done when we've developed livestock production system, is we've taken essentially wild animals and we've domesticated them. So we have managed stress in different ways. Firstly by genetics and breeding. We've selected certain animals which fit our production systems. And that's an ongoing task of at in the industry is to select animals that fit the production systems. Secondly, we've designed production systems which fit the animals as well. In terms of physical environment, in terms of nutrition, in terms of the day to day care of those animals, the skills of the care providers. And the skill comes, that every different species, in every different production system, and every different stage of production needs a different environment. Needs different handling and needs different nutrition to maintain homeostasis, to maintain normality, and to maximize production. So we'll see, there's particular stressors for a cow that's calving. And how we design their environment and handle them minimizes that potentially stressful event. There's particular stressors for sheep out in a pasture. Particularly in certain areas of the country where there's predators. So we design an environment that minimizes the psychological and physical and physiological risks for those sheep in this environment. And for that, we're going to look at a house that's been designed actually by our own Dr. French. So on this farm, which is called Someday Farm, Denny has arranged the environment in the management system to minimize the stress and maximize the well being of these sheep. So what we're going to do, we're going to look at this house which Denny designed and with some faithful workers, erected. And we're going to hear from him which features of this particular set of housing, he put in to minimize stress. And you can use those principles when you think about looking after your own animals. And as you look at environments, you can evaluate those environments to see if they've been designed particularly for that species, particularly in that production system, and particularly for that stage of production. >> The animals needed protection from both sunlight, heat, and as in the Midwest certainly, the temperatures in the wintertime can become very cold. And so, one of the things that we tried to design was an area that would be well ventilated in the summertime, and that's why you see the windows that can either be placed up or down. And then we also put in some light windows that are permanent, so that even in the middle of the winter time, there would be light that would be able to shine in. One of the things that my farm manager wanted, was it had to be high enough so that we could walk underneath it without banging our head, so, we had at least six foot elevation on the back side. Which is then allowed for the snow. We got a nice slope to the roof so that the snow would come off the roof. And also we could work comfortably within that. We use this flock of sheep for teaching as well, and so, it's worked out very well. From capturing the animals or restraining the animals for both teaching and research. So we put some wind blocking insulation on the inside of it, which is actually very effective in decreasing the wind flow through there. The animals can actually stand temperatures, very low temperatures, on their own. But blocking them from the wind will protect them against some very severely cold temperatures. From a prey standpoint, we do have a situation at night where the gating system here will actually put them in there and pull that gate closed, so that they're protected from the predators. And we do have four legged predators. Coyotes around here that can cause havoc with the sheep population. >> Yeah, so the other consideration that we put into here is that we do have a little bit of a slope here. >> And our prevailing winds would come from the west and northwest. So actually even in the midst of winter time blizzards, this area is fairly protected from the wind. And even as the snow begins to melt, or in big rain storms, the drainage here is such that our shed maintains a nice, dry location. And the animals are well protected from environmental concerns that arise. The electricity supply actually came after the buildings were presented. But we did have the fore thought to run electricity down to the sheds here. And that provides lighting at night, so in case we have to come out and manage anything during the evenings, we have that. And then we piped in water supplies so its convenient to the sheds as well. We would then have water heaters for the winter time that would allow for the animals to have water at all times. [MUSIC]