The Big Picture

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来自 University of Virginia 的课程

现代世界，第一部分：1760 年到 1910 年的全球史

1288 个评分

University of Virginia

现代世界，第一部分：1760 年到 1910 年的全球史

1288 个评分

这是关于全球视野下的现代历史的一个问卷。第一部分课程从1700年代的政治和经济革命革命谈起，追寻1800年代的发展的轨迹。通过第一部分课程的学习我们可以总结出这些看似令人困惑的变化似乎已经超过了原有制度可以控制的范围之内。通过这门课我们可以尝试着去挖掘究竟发生了什么并去询问为什么，而答案往往就在某些人类作出的选择里。

从本节课中

The Great Acceleration (1890-1910)

The Second Industrial Revolution24:28

Modern Capitalism27:09

The Dynamo and the Virgin13:12

Modern Nation-States14:42

Revolutionary Nation-States11:35

Battle Lines12:56

The Battles Begin18:47

The Big Picture4:51

与讲师见面

Philip Zelikow
White Burkett Miller Professor of History

Hi, welcome back. Make yourself comfortable.

With this segment, you're finishing the whole first half of the course.

[LAUGH]

We've covered a huge amount of ground.

And as some of you have pointed out in the discussion threads, there are

only about a zillion things that we could of covered and haven't talked about yet.

But all I want to do in this segment is

not give you new material, I just want to step

back and try to simplify and organize a little bit

of what we've covered in a really big picture way.

It's going to be simplistic, but I think it's useful to just

try to keep a big picture in view.

You'll remember as a starting point we drew this

big contrast between the traditional world and the modern world.

You see a big swing of changes in the late 1700s and certainly by 1800.

So we kind of just picked as a starting point

around 1760. And I call attention to a

Commercial Revolution, a

Military Revolution, and

democratic revolutions.

And we saw how actually those aren't three separate

Stories; they're stories that converge, interact with, reinforce each other.

Theyï¿½re producing in the early 1800s those really important changes:

the emergence of a smaller number of great powers,

great powers that

can use some of the capabilities unleashed by these changes and

especially the rise of nation states. So new kinds of political

communities become more dominant. We also saw the discovery

[NOISE]

of industrial and scientific power. Notice, I don't

say that industrial and scientific power is full grown,

just that people discovered how extraordinary

industrial and scientific capabilities could be.

So, it attracts all kinds of additional attention and

investment, which allows it to make the next stage of takeoff.

This is also a period in which we saw a

kind of global Europe, in which European

ideas, European commerce, direct European coercion

touches almost every part of the world, causing interactions of many kinds.

The result, then, is these things come together

to create a really new set of conditions.

There is a kind of a transition period

in which all these possibilities are being digested.

I kind of put that transition period in the 1870s-1880s.

And then, really in the 1880s and certainly by

1890, contemporaries sensed this great acceleration.

[NOISE]

Okay, the rise of modern

capitalism. The rise of modern nation states.

These revolutionary nation states that are transforming their societies,

which in turn sets the stage for this great struggle

that

will last for about a hundred years:

How should we organize these modern societies?

And

I kind of drew out the basic contenders in that struggle,

the battle lines, and I gave you some illustrations of how those

battles started to get engaged in the first years of the 20th century.

And next week, we'll see how those battles converged into a huge crackup,

better known as the First World War. See

you then.

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