5G isn't a bit of magic. We certainly know that there are other standards that are out there, that are supporting it. There's the narrow band IoT capabilities that exist inside the standard itself, that will give us a certain rate, you'll see that actually in this diagram here, the release 13, that's one of those incrementals that I that I spoke of this we move on from a standards body through here. LTEM or sometimes what's called Cat M, on the licensed spectrum that we see that technology is something that can certainly allow us to make progress along our way for these devices before we get to a full 5G standard. Then, the GSM standards also still allow us some of the more legacy capabilities and maybe they've got a pretty good range in that 35-kilometer range and a pretty good power distribution in here. But the point is that, again when we think about from a user's perspective and it's a good place to start when we're thinking about this is put the customer first in our thinking, is that they're going to use the technology which is best appropriate for their needs that solves the problems that they've got here and and whether it's purely on a 5G spectrum or for choosing something like a Laurel or a SigFox. Those devices certainly are capable of providing a very limited reach capability and then going into some concentration point that may then actually have that 5G accessibility to it release 13 with the narrowband IoT is a competitor for those areas. The advantage of that is that it's licensed, and what's significant about that license spectrum utilization is it's going to be managed. The licensee of that spectrum itself and the protocols are built around it allow for those devices and the use of those devices to have a guaranteed access as opposed to a more ad hoc type of a network. So, those are some of the trade-offs that you're going to see from the IoT devices that began pushing traffic into that. Similarly, unlicensed radio spectrums don't have the range capabilities, they don't have the deep penetration capabilities that you're going to get from that license spectrum standard. So, narrow band IoT is going to be a great area, we're going to see a lot of innovation takes place because of that. I've mentioned the standards body, and I can't spend a whole lot of time on this slide which is if we really look at it. So, we mentioned narrowband IoT will be release 13 that happened several years ago back in the 2016 timeframe. Where we are today at that snapshot is it we're getting ready to sign ink on the standards that says this is really the first release of the 5G, so that vendors can be assured that they go out and build equipment. The actual manufacturer of silicon for the radial components that is going to be globally interoperable, that's one of the wonderful things about the mobile network, and we mentioned it certainly briefly before, is that you ensure interoperability from multiple vendors. It's not just on on one geographic location, but it's it's a global standard. If you take a device from from one continent to another continent and it's a standard device it complies with a particular 3GPP release 16, for example. You know that it's going to interoperate anywhere in the globe where you find a 3GPP release 16 or 17 device that's in there. Release 17 is actually going to be very exciting. Is that there's a lot of energy going into it to spin up for the activity is going to take place with the Olympics in 2020 timeframe. So, that's just a snapshot of the standards roll out as it goes along. Once those standards are all codified and agreed to, then vendors are sure as I mentioned before that they built devices to those standards that they're going to inter-operate both functionally and at a global level. We've talked a couple of times before about some of the concepts of the devices across the healthcare and transportation, smart cities and in a variety of other use cases, and why 5G standard needs to be created and when it hits into that radial network. This diagram shows us two dimensions of those functionality. So, the capacity down along the x axis and the latency or the delay along the vertical axis. On the vertical axis, it's important to realize that the smaller numbers at the top one millisecond and then working down, large number one millisecond at the top sorry, and they're working down to 100 microseconds as we get to the bottom of that. So, devices that are more subject, are more tolerant of delay are going to be lower and in the left-hand corner, less capacity is being required. So, we look at things like monitoring and censoring networks. We mentioned this a couple times in the past. Not a lot of heavy data flows from those, and they're actually very tolerant to latency if you look at something like the autonomous driving case. Significantly higher data utilization it's up on the top to the middle along the x axis, and then way over to the far right are the really interesting use cases and those that are going to stress the network. Whether those are the wireless cloud office with a lot of video content associated with them or whether those are multi-person video calls, and we're all familiar with those today, we use them a lot, and we continue to see an increase in utilization of those not only for enterprise use but also for our personal use. But then finally in that upper right-hand corner where we've got augmented reality and virtual reality over there, the tolerance of the delay is significantly reduced, and the demand for the capacity on the network is very high. Again, this is an area that they're a little bit of growth can place a tremendous burden on the network. Not just the radio capacity itself, but also on the infrastructure that supports that. The other node on this diagram that's interesting to look at is the area that's shaded in white maybe can be supported by the 4G or the 4G advanced LTE-Advanced tape technology that we continue to work as I said they're not incremental steps one, two, three, four, five, but those are 4.2, 4.5 thing if you will. But the area that's in the gray, the 4G is going to fail, and the 4G network's not going to be able to handle it. So, as we start looking at those types of functionalities that they exist either at that edge or certainly in that upper right-hand corner, These are the strong demands and this information is as well accepted by the industry.
