So even once your device goes through the three things that it needs to do to access WiFi, then it has to deal with interference once it's actually on WiFi and on the access point. And it shows in correct rate. So, interference comes about the fact that frames, or as we call them frames here. And we'll see in a future lecture when we talk about the internet, specifically what Frames are but call frames are the piece of digital data transmission for right now. There's three possible outcomes of a collision. So, if your frame collides with someone else's, there's three possible outcomes. First is that both frames are lost, and that's clearly the worst case scenario, is that both then would have to be retransmitted. It's just lost data. Second is capture, and what that means is that one out of the two you would assume that it would be the one with the higher signal to interference ratio. So the frame with the higher signal to interference ratio will be kept, the other one will be lost. So we basically, with capture, we keep one of the two. The better of the two, one with better channel quality. And third is double capture and in this case both of them are kept, even though they collide they both get to the receiver and they're both received properly. So, that's two out of two. So, here we get zero out of two of them. Here we get one out of two and in double capture, we get two out of two. Now which outcomes going to prevail depends on a lot of different things. First of all the duration of the overlap, so if they're overlapping for a long time, the longer they're overlapping the more more damage it's going to do to the frames. And so we would go more so towards having both of them lost the longer the duration Second is the difference in the signal to interference ratios between the devices. So if one device requires a much, or if one, if one of the frames has a much higher signal-to-interference ratio, than the other frame. Then we would expect probably a capture scenario would happen. If the other one had a very Much smaller in a very low single interference ratio, much lower channel quality. And a third is the required SIR at the reciever. So if the receiver is requiring a very high single interference ratio, clearly this collision is going to cause a lot of inteference. So we'd be more so along the lines of both of the frames being lost, but if the receiver's very good, and it can deal with a lot of interference and still decode the incoming signal, the incoming frame, than we might come more down to the double capture scenario. So, this is just an example to look at here Let's consider two devices A and B. Before we said the access point was A but here now the devices we'll refer to them as letters A and B. A has an SIR of three and B has an SIR of two to the access point. So, if they're both transmitting at the same time, they both sent a frame out and this is their transmission ranges here. Again, in circles which it only meant transmission range. Both of them send data out at the same time. They're going to collide. Before by tagging we will just look at the collision happening at the receiver itself. And so if this was the overlap here, for instance, we see that A's signal interference ratio is up at 3 and B's is up at 2. So if only one of them was going to survive this collision, we would expect that it would be A because A has a higher SIR. but that will also depend upon how much of the overlap we have. So if the overlap is very long or it's a long time, then it's a much more likely case that both of them will be lost or at least the B will be lost and the required SIR so this, B access point here might have some requirement. So, if the access point requires signal to interference ratio of three at minimum then we know that two would clearly not make it. But three also wouldn't make it because this is going to ruin the SIR of A. But if it was down somewhere like, you know, 1 or somewhere between 1 and 0, it might be okay. You don't really know. The key here is that it's hard to tell. So it's hard to tell which scenario we're going to fall in. It takes a lot of physics to be able to model that, which is beyond Are prerequisites here, and so we're going to assume always, that both of the frames are lost. We'll just take a conservative approach, and that's a typical engineering standard, is to assume the worst case scenario, and here we will assume that both of the frames are always lost, whenever we have a collision. So, next thing you're probably wondering is, well, to deal with interference, why don't we just use power control? We spent a whole lecture on distributing power control. See if it worked really nicely for cellular why can't we just do that here? Well, there's a few things about WiFi that you have to take into consideration that make power control not a very good solution for it. If you just look at the difference the typologies are even though they're you know, we can draw sa, correlation between a cell tower, a base station access point. The devices might be the same. And so on, and so forth. There is a lot of differences in the, how the devices operate, and how the communication occurs. So, the first is that WiFi is all in unlicensed band. So it would be really hard for us to be able to regulate the power control among all the devices, and make sure they're all conforming to the exact same standard. Second is that In cellu, in WiFi, we have a much smaller cell size. I mean it's not really a cell. It's a basic service set here. But BSS is typically less than a hundred meters. It would have to be or else you wouldn't be able to get much reception at the the edge of the BSS. Cellular can be greater than 1 kilometer from the tower. Since orders of, it seems like at least an order of magnitude difference there. And the range which means that you have more devices and then the idea that is that with one device comes into. And then, so wants to talk to this play station wants to communicate with it its not really going to effect that distributed power control equilibrium much, so we saw that the DBC algorithm would converge to some given parallels whatever they were, and we'll just call this a midpoint. This is not zero, just if you just maybe converse to some given levels, right? And so then, if another device comes into the network, it may jump a little bit, but it's not going to jump much and it's going to re-converge relatively quickly, right and it'll come back actually clearer. In WiFi if we were doing TPC, right? We would eventually get to the conversion points and we get to the conversion points fast because there's a small number of devices. But then if another device came into the access point there's such a small number of them and on the side of them we should draw you know, many, many, many more lines. [NOISE] There's many more in reality. if there's only three devices in here and another one comes, they're going to jump very rapidly because any one given device coming in could have a big effect on that equilibrium. As we can see, very different amount of channel [INAUDIBLE] for this short period of time just as an example. So it could be that cell size will have a lot to do with it. Third is that WiFi has a maximum transmit power. It's much smaller because of the fact that we're in an unlicensed band than WiFi, it has a much smaller maximum transmit power. So, the maximum transmit power of WiFi, you might say is somewhere around a hundred milliwatts, on average. In cellular you could go up to 2 watts. So, you have a more dynamic range to do this kind of a power control. To get to the levels that you need to be if there's a lot of interference. Under Wi-fi you can't go above 100 millawatts because it's regulated. And for that sense we may not be able to even come to a set of power levels that would work for us. And fourth is that Wi-fi is typically indoors. And that means that there's a lot more that we might bump into. There's a lot of walls that can get in our way. A lot more interference that could go on inside of a house than outside. When you're talking the cell tower. The cell tower's also, much more elevated, so it's easier to have a clearer channel to the tower itself.
