Malaria: Vectors - Dr. Johnson Matowo

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来自 Duke University 的课程

Tropical Parasitology: Protozoans, Worms, Vectors and Human Diseases

134 个评分

Duke University

Tropical Parasitology: Protozoans, Worms, Vectors and Human Diseases

134 个评分

This course provides students an understanding of important human parasitic diseases, including their life cycles, vectors of transmission, distribution and epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations, treatment, and prevention and control. Tropical Parasitology is taught by faculty from an area highly impacted by tropical parasites- the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College in Moshi, Tanzania. The faculty include Drs. Frank Mosha and Mramba Nyindo (and two lecturers, Drs. Johnson Matowo and Jovin Kitau). Dr. John Bartlett, Professor of Medicine, Global Health and Nursing at Duke University, joins his faculty colleagues in this effort.

从本节课中

Protozoans

We are excited to begin our Protozoa cluster, focusing on malaria, trypanosomiasis, toxoplasmosis, and leishmaniasis. Despite advances in prevention and treatment, protozoal diseases contribute substantially to the global burden of morbidity and mortality. This cluster has a total of 153 minutes of video and 85 pages of reading spread out over the four lessons. Each lesson has all of the readings, lectures, and additional materials to help you understand the topic. You will have unlimited opportunities to take an untimed quiz after you’ve mastered the material in each lesson, and you have four quizzes to complete in this cluster. (Note: this cluster includes a case study practice quiz, ungraded, which is optional). This cluster kicks off with a close look at malaria vectors and the fascinating research being done on diagnosing, treating, and vaccinating against malaria. This is by far the largest cluster in the course, so you have up to 3 weeks to complete this cluster.

Malaria: Vectors - Dr. Johnson Matowo4:00

Malaria: Vector Control - Dr. Johnson Matowo6:59

Malaria: Insecticide Resistance and Management - Dr. Johnson Matowo 11:34

Malaria: Epidemiology - Dr. Franklin Mosha8:28

Malaria: Mosquito Breeding Sites - Dr. Franklin Mosha 0:43

Malaria: The Parasite in the Human Body - Dr. Mramba Nyindo11:46

Malaria: Invasion and Colonization of Red Blood Cells by Merozoites - Dr. Mramba Nyindo 6:58

Malaria: The Parasite in the Mosquito - Dr. Mramba Nyindo 7:29

Malaria: Pathophysiology - Dr. John Bartlett7:38

Malaria: Interview with Dr. Venance Maro 4:12

Malaria: Interview with Dr. William Howlett 4:17

与讲师见面

John A. Bartlett, M.D.
Professor of Medicine, Global Health and Nursing at Duke University Medical Center
Duke Global Health Institute
Franklin Mosha, Ph.D.
Professor of Parasitology and Medical Entomology
Mramba Nyindo, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMU Co.)

Well, I would like to welcome everybody to this lecture on Malaria Vectors.

Malaria is transmitted by female mosquitoes of the family Culicidae,

with about 3,300 species.

The genus Anopheles consists of about 400 known species of

which 17% are capable of transmitting the malaria parasite, Plasmodium species.

Let's look at distribution of these vectors.

Malaria vectors are widely distributed,

with different species occupying different regions.

For example, Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus are found in

Afrotropical region, while Anopheles stephensi and

Anopheles culicifacies are found in Indian sub-continent.

Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Anopheles albimanus, and

Anopheles marjora are found in Northern and Southern America.

Anopheles mosquitoes rest on upright surface at an angle

of about 45 degrees, and their legs are sparkled.

Like all other dipterans, Anopheles mosquitoes undergo complete metamorphosis

with four distinct stages that takes for about one to two weeks.

Here we have larval stage one and two,

while here we have larval stage three and four of the Anopheles species.

Anopheles females require blood meal to facilitate egg development and

it takes about four days to complete the gonotrophic cycle.

The time from which the Anopheles mosquitoes take a blood meal,

to the time when their abdomen are full of eggs.

Anopheles eggs are usually laid in fresh, unpolluted water, but

there are spacious preferences.

For example, Anopheles gambiae lay their eggs in small and

temporary habitats, preferably with turbid water exposed to sunlight.

While Anopheles funestus prefer permanent or

semi-permanent shaded habitats including rice paddies, and its swamps.

As far as their habits are concerned,

the habits of Anopheles mosquitoes are quite variable, depending on species.

They are usually nocturnal in habits with major activities

occurring during emergence, mating, feeding, oviposition, and

they normally occur at sunset, during the night, and the during sunrise.

Feeding preferences of Anopheles mosquitoes

in include anthropophilic behavior and zoophilic behavior.

Anthropophilic mosquitoes prefer to feed on human beings, while zoophilic

Anopheles mosquitoes prefer to feed on animals, especially cattle.

As far as their resting preference is concerned,

Anopheles mosquitoes are either endophilic or exophilic.

Endophilic mosquitoes prefer to rest indoors after taking their blood meal,

while exophilic mosquitoes prefer to rest outdoors after taking their blood meal.

Thank you for listening.

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