Nivel de línea y ganancia en escena

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来自 Berklee College of Music 的课程

Introducción a la producción de música

161 个评分

Berklee College of Music

Introducción a la producción de música

161 个评分

课程 2（共 4 门，Specialization 现代音乐家）

Aprende sobre el proceso de producción de música -incluyendo la grabación, la edición y la mezcla- y sobre las herramientas disponibles para crear música contemporánea en tu computadora. Esta obra fue financiada con una donación del Banco Inter-Americano de Desarrollo con recursos del Fondo Coreano para la Reducción de la Pobreza. Las opiniones expresadas en esta obra son exclusivamente de los autores y no necesariamente reflejan el punto de vista del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, de su Directorio Ejecutivo ni de los países que representa. El Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo no garantiza la veracidad de la data incorporada en esta obra. Puedes cambiar el idioma en Coursera de inglés al español utilizando la página de ajustes de tu cuenta. Para cambiar los ajustes en tu cuenta de Coursera sigue los siguientes pasos: 1. Ve a coursera.org 2. En la esquina derecha superior haz click en el pequeño triángulo invertido que está a lado de tu nombre y foto. 3. Haz click en ‘Settings’. 4. Selecciona el recuadro debajo de ‘Language’ (idioma), selecciona español y salva los cambios realizados. Coursera ofrece ayuda financiera a los estudiantes que no pueden pagar los cursos y necesiten de una beca. Los estudiantes con ayuda financiera podrán tener acceso a todo el contenido del curso y completar todo el trabajo requerido para adquirir el Certificado de Coursera. La ayuda financiera solo aplica al curso en el que se aprobó la solicitud de ayuda financiera. Para aplicar haz click en la opción “Learn More and Apply” (aprende mas y aplica) debajo del menú a la izquierda.

从本节课中

Sonido y flujo de la señal

Comenzaremos con algo de información sobre la naturaleza del sonido y la forma en la que lo percibimos. Estudiaremos los componentes necesarios para grabar audio en la computadora, con el fin de comprender los dispositivos que el sonido debe atravesar durante el proceso de producción de música.

Resumen de conexiones1:25

Micrófono como transductor1:07

Tipos de micrófonos3:34

Respuesta de frecuencia del micrófono1:52

Patrones polares de los micrófonos3:19

Colocación de micrófonos2:30

Nivel de línea y ganancia en escena3:23

与讲师见面

Loudon Stearns
Assistant Professor
Contemporary Writing & Production

In a studio, there's many devices that need to communicate with each other.

And we're sending these audio signals all over.

From the microphone into our interface, to possibly to mixing boards, to external

effects. For this to work well, we have to

establish a specific level that all the devices will work at and communicate at.

And that level is called line level. And one of the major roles of a, of an

interface and a mic preamp or an amplifier, is going to be to raise or

lower whatever signal comes to it to that line level, so, it can be used throughout

the studio. We see on, on this mixing board that

there are two standard line levels, there's plus 4 and minus 10.

And plus 4 is the studio standard line level and minus 10 is the consumer level.

And you might find these kind of buttons on some of your devices.

I see it here at the input of channel 9 and 10.

I can push it in to get the negative 10 level, or I can leave it out to be the

positive 4 studio level. That is a gain stage.

And a gain stage is a place in your signal flow that either amplifies, which

is raising up, or it tenuates, which is lowering, the level of your signal.

And it's actually quite a dramatic gain stage.

And we have to be careful with gain stages throughout our studio, because

every time you amplify or attenuate, you are introducing some kind of noise and

possibility of distortion. Ideally, you want to bring your sound up

once to the line level, and then leave it there throughout the signal flow.

And we see that many of these knobs, like this trim knob, is also a gain stage.

And this is the input trim knob for this channel.

The idea with this is to bring a microphone input, I would plug a

microphone in here, and the idea is to bring that level up to line level.

Well, there is a U on this, and that U stands for unity.

And that's the point at which this gain stage is doing nothing.

And ideally, we want to have as many gain stages at unity as possible.

Because that means it's not amplifying or attenuating.

Now, we turn this to bring the level up to standard line level.

And then I can use it throughout the rest of the mixing board and through my other

pieces of equipment. This first gain stage here where you plug

the microphone in, is called the microphone preamp.

And it's designed to bring the level up to that line level.

The output from the microphone is very low.

But because we saw that there are many different types of microphones an many

different applicaitons for them, each microphone actually outputs at a slightly

different level. So, it requires kind of a continuous knob

like this to bring that level up to the standard line level.

If I did plug a line level signal into this, and say I had a synthesizer and I

take that quarter inch output of that and plugged in to the line in, I would try to

leave that knob at unity and most likely that would be the correct location.

If I had a very loud signal that I was plugging in to this, I might have to

bring trim knob below unity. And if I'm plugging a microphone in, I

would have to bring it up above unity to get it up to that line level.

Whenever you're adjusting gain like that, again, you want to be careful do as few

of those stages as possible. The worst thing you can do in your signal

flow is amplify it one point and then attenuate it another and amplify again.

Ideally you want to raise the signal up once, right at that first stage.

Get it to line level and keep it there throughout the entire signal flow.

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