Patrones polares de los micrófonos

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来自 Berklee College of Music 的课程

Introducción a la producción de música

161 个评分

Berklee College of Music

Introducción a la producción de música

161 个评分

课程 2（共 4 门，Specialization 现代音乐家）

Aprende sobre el proceso de producción de música -incluyendo la grabación, la edición y la mezcla- y sobre las herramientas disponibles para crear música contemporánea en tu computadora. Esta obra fue financiada con una donación del Banco Inter-Americano de Desarrollo con recursos del Fondo Coreano para la Reducción de la Pobreza. Las opiniones expresadas en esta obra son exclusivamente de los autores y no necesariamente reflejan el punto de vista del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, de su Directorio Ejecutivo ni de los países que representa. El Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo no garantiza la veracidad de la data incorporada en esta obra. Puedes cambiar el idioma en Coursera de inglés al español utilizando la página de ajustes de tu cuenta. Para cambiar los ajustes en tu cuenta de Coursera sigue los siguientes pasos: 1. Ve a coursera.org 2. En la esquina derecha superior haz click en el pequeño triángulo invertido que está a lado de tu nombre y foto. 3. Haz click en ‘Settings’. 4. Selecciona el recuadro debajo de ‘Language’ (idioma), selecciona español y salva los cambios realizados. Coursera ofrece ayuda financiera a los estudiantes que no pueden pagar los cursos y necesiten de una beca. Los estudiantes con ayuda financiera podrán tener acceso a todo el contenido del curso y completar todo el trabajo requerido para adquirir el Certificado de Coursera. La ayuda financiera solo aplica al curso en el que se aprobó la solicitud de ayuda financiera. Para aplicar haz click en la opción “Learn More and Apply” (aprende mas y aplica) debajo del menú a la izquierda.

从本节课中

Sonido y flujo de la señal

Comenzaremos con algo de información sobre la naturaleza del sonido y la forma en la que lo percibimos. Estudiaremos los componentes necesarios para grabar audio en la computadora, con el fin de comprender los dispositivos que el sonido debe atravesar durante el proceso de producción de música.

Resumen de conexiones1:25

Micrófono como transductor1:07

Tipos de micrófonos3:34

Respuesta de frecuencia del micrófono1:52

Patrones polares de los micrófonos3:19

Colocación de micrófonos2:30

Nivel de línea y ganancia en escena3:23

与讲师见面

Loudon Stearns
Assistant Professor
Contemporary Writing & Production

Another major consideration when choosing a microphone is the microphone's polar

pattern. And the polar pattern is describing what

area it picks up well, and what area around the microphone it projects from.

And let's look at the Shure SM58 here first.

Now, this is designed to be used on stage for a vocalist.

And we talked about earlier, the idea of having the monitor right in front of you.

It's very loud. And pred, and sending out the signal that

this microphone is capturing. So, this microphone is designed to be

held on, in the hand. To pick up well from this side of the

microphone and reject sound from the other side.

Now, so, the polar pattern is describing the area around the microphone that it's

picking up well. And this microphone has what we call a

cartiod or directional polar pattern. And a cartiod, if you look at the polar

pattern kind of diagram of it, it looks kind of heart shaped, in that you see it

doesn't pick up well here and it picks up well kind of all around it.

And that's designed specifically because it doesn't want to pick up the monitors

and what's behind it. A directional microphone like this will

give you a more focused sound, and will kind of isolate a sound within the mix,

because it's pointed right at it. Now, dynamic microph, microphones and

condenser microphones, they can both be directional and they can both have a

variety of different polar patterns. So, Shure SM58, standard kind of stage

microphone, directional cardioid pattern, and directional microphones are really,

really very useful. But we do have a wide variety of other

polar patterns. Another very common one is

omnidirectional. Meaning that it picks up from all angles

equally well. there's other polar patterns called

figure eight, which picks up from the front and the back of the microphone.

And there are also flavors of kind of the directional mic.

so, a cardioid microphone also has supercardioid and hypercardiod, and there

just kind of flavors of directional, and maybe bring in a little bit outside of

that directional space. Which just helps give you a bit more of

the sound of the room. Now, when choosing a polar pattern, you

always want to remember that every time you record something, your recording val

element within that space. And the choice of a polar pattern is

rally going to be a major, have a major impact on how much of the space or the

room that your actually, actually capturing.

A cardioid directional microphone is going to have a focus sound in a focused

recording that doesn't include much of the room.

But something that's omnidirectional can include a large, a much more of the space

that you're in. So, you have to consider, do I want to

capture the sound of the space, or am I trying to capture the sound of that

instrument specifically. Now, this AKG microphone, which is kind

of nice has the option to select different polar patterns.

and we can choose between omnidirectional and cardiod, and figure eight with the

switch that's right in front of it. Which is really nice to let you kind of

have that option. And more expensive condenser mics will

have that option. You do want to notice also, that as you

change the polar pattern in a microphone like this, the frequency response also

changes. They're kind of interrelated in a way.

So, you might even change the, the polar pattern to change the kind of frequency

reponse. Or the EQ that that microphone is

imposing on the signal.

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