Tipos de micrófonos

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来自 Berklee College of Music 的课程

Introducción a la producción de música

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Berklee College of Music

Introducción a la producción de música

176 个评分

课程 2（共 4 门，Specialization 现代音乐家）

Aprende sobre el proceso de producción de música -incluyendo la grabación, la edición y la mezcla- y sobre las herramientas disponibles para crear música contemporánea en tu computadora. Esta obra fue financiada con una donación del Banco Inter-Americano de Desarrollo con recursos del Fondo Coreano para la Reducción de la Pobreza. Las opiniones expresadas en esta obra son exclusivamente de los autores y no necesariamente reflejan el punto de vista del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, de su Directorio Ejecutivo ni de los países que representa. El Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo no garantiza la veracidad de la data incorporada en esta obra. Puedes cambiar el idioma en Coursera de inglés al español utilizando la página de ajustes de tu cuenta. Para cambiar los ajustes en tu cuenta de Coursera sigue los siguientes pasos: 1. Ve a coursera.org 2. En la esquina derecha superior haz click en el pequeño triángulo invertido que está a lado de tu nombre y foto. 3. Haz click en ‘Settings’. 4. Selecciona el recuadro debajo de ‘Language’ (idioma), selecciona español y salva los cambios realizados. Coursera ofrece ayuda financiera a los estudiantes que no pueden pagar los cursos y necesiten de una beca. Los estudiantes con ayuda financiera podrán tener acceso a todo el contenido del curso y completar todo el trabajo requerido para adquirir el Certificado de Coursera. La ayuda financiera solo aplica al curso en el que se aprobó la solicitud de ayuda financiera. Para aplicar haz click en la opción “Learn More and Apply” (aprende mas y aplica) debajo del menú a la izquierda.

从本节课中

Sonido y flujo de la señal

Comenzaremos con algo de información sobre la naturaleza del sonido y la forma en la que lo percibimos. Estudiaremos los componentes necesarios para grabar audio en la computadora, con el fin de comprender los dispositivos que el sonido debe atravesar durante el proceso de producción de música.

Resumen de conexiones1:25

Micrófono como transductor1:07

Tipos de micrófonos3:34

Respuesta de frecuencia del micrófono1:52

Patrones polares de los micrófonos3:19

Colocación de micrófonos2:30

Nivel de línea y ganancia en escena3:23

与讲师见面

Loudon Stearns
Assistant Professor
Contemporary Writing & Production

The first choice you're going to have to make when purchasing or chosing a

microphone is going to be the microphone type.

And though there are many types of microphones, the main two we end up using

are going to be condenser microphones and dynamic microphones.

And they function in a very different way and they have kind of different needs so

I'd like to talk about what, when you would choose a condenser and when you

would choose a dynamic microphone. Typically on stage we find a dynamic

microphone, and this is a Shure SM58. Which is a standard kind of hand held

stage microphone. And it's very good for onstage because it

doesn't pick up outside of its small area very well.

It's designed to be onstage in a loud environment where there are monitors, you

know a lot of volume from the microphone itself.

There's other instruments onstage it doesn't want to pick up.

So, it's excellent for that situation. It's also very rugged, if it gets dropped

or swung around the engineer doesn't have to worry that we're going to break the

microphone. A condenser microphone, on the other

hand, it tends to be used in the studio. Because condenser mics are so sensitive,

we have to be careful using them on-stage in a live situation.

If you think about a singer onstage, he's singing into his microphone and he needs

to hear himself. So there are the monitor speakers right

in front of him, and he's hearing the signal from that microphone.

If that microphone is very sensitive, it'll pickup the actual sound from the

monitor and cause feedback as that sound goes through the microphone, through the

PA, back out of the monitor and back into the microphone.

So, in a live stage situation, we tend to use a dynamic microphone which won't pick

up from that area, or is much less sensitive and won't get that chance of

feedback. Now, there are certain sta-, situations

on-stage where we do want to use a condenser microphone, maybe above the

drums. And we're just careful not to route that

signal back to the monitors. Another thing to consider between a

dynamic microphone and a condenser microphone is how it's powered.

A dynamic microphone does not require any external power.

But a condenser microphone requires phantom power.

Of you might see it written as plus 48, or 48 volts.

If you're looking to purchase a single microphone for your home studio, I would

suggest a large diaphragm condenser microphone.

It's going to be just useful in the, the widest range of situations.

It's going to pick up things very accurately.

And I think, as you're just starting, you want to find something that represents

what's in sound, it represents that accurately as a, as a signal or as an

audio signal. So a large diaphragm condenser mic will

be a great starting point for you and kind of the one mic you need to begin

with. It's easy to get lost in the specifics

when purchasing a microphone, or when choosing a microphone.

But I'd like you just to dive in. Buy something, and start using it.

You'll actually find, though there are differences between microphones.

Things like the acoustics of the room, and the mic placement have a much bigger

impact. And no matter what mic you use, you can

learn a lot just by diving in and using it.

So, don't worry so much about the specifics even though we're going to

cover them all in the next couple of videos.

And just dive in and use it, and if you're going to get one, a medium to

large diaphragm condenser mic is a great choice to start with.

There are a number of other types of microphones out there, besides dynamic

and condenser. They have ribbon microphones, PZM

microphones, lavalier microphones. I don't have time to cover them all.

But the forums are great. Go to the forums, and start talking about

different microphones, types, and your experiences.

You can all learn from each other. And that's the real benefit of having a

great large class like this.

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