Episode 105. In 1631, Galileo receives the Imprimatur for his next book. In other words, he got the church's seal of approval. In February of 1632, Galileo's most famous book is published. Dialogue on Two Chief World Systems, Ptolemaic and Copernican. He argues that proof that the earth moves is found with tides. Of course, in Galileo's day, they did not understand gravity, and did not realized that tides were due to the gravitational force from the moon. In an attempt to protect himself, Galileo used the dialogue style on his book, but this backfired. The Jesuits convinced Pope Urban VIII that he is the character name Symplicio in the dialogue. In other words, the simpleton. The pope feels betrayed and never talks to Galileo again. In August the church stopped the distribution of the book, and a committee was formed to examine it. In October Galileo was called to Rome. On June 16th, 1633, the recommendations of the committee were, that Galileo publicly recant his views, that he be put under house arrest, and that his book Dialogue be banned. Galileo's heresy trial occurred on June 22. Quote eight is his so-called recantation. I, Galileo, son of the late Vincenzio Galilei of Florence, 70 years of age, I have been judged vehemently suspect of heresy. Namely of having held and believed, number one, the sun is the center of the world and motionless. Number two, and the earth is not the center and moves with a sincere heart and unfamed faith, I abjour, cursed and detest the ever set errors and heresies. To be sure this recantation is regrettable, but somewhat understandable. Galileo was 70 years old and sick, and he just wants to get home. But with this trial the damage was done. Galileo becomes the symbol of the warfare relationship of science and religion. In December 1633, Galileo returned to Florence and was under house arrest for the rest of his life. Now, it's important to point out, he was not in a dungeon and in chains, as some anti-religious individuals have misreported. In fact, he continued his scientific work and focused on motion. It's worth noting that in 1637 Galileo abandoned his theory that tides are proof that the earth moves. In 1638 Galileo's book, Discourses & Mathematical Demonstration Concerning Two New Sciences was published. And yes he argues that Aristotle was wrong again. Galileo dies January 8th 1642 and he was buried in Florence, Italy. End of episode.