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来自 University of Florida 的课程

Science of Training Young Athletes Part 2

30 个评分

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University of Florida

Science of Training Young Athletes Part 2

30 个评分

In this course you will learn how to design the type of training that takes advantage of the plastic nature of the athlete’s body so you mold the right phenotype for a sport. We explore ways the muscular system can be designed to generate higher force and power and the type of training needed to mold the athlete's physical capacity so it meets the energy and biochemical demands of the sport. We also examine the cost of plasticity when it is carried beyond the ability of the body to adjust itself to meet the imposed training stresses. The cost of overextending plasticity comes in the form injuries and chronic fatigue. In essence, a coach can push the athlete’s body too far and it can fail. Upon completion of this course you will be able to assemble a scientifically sound annual training plan.

从本节课中

Chronic Fatigue Due to Overtraining

When an athlete is underperforming, and you don’t know why, suspect chronic fatigue due to overtraining as the prime contributing factor. Unfortunately, because we don’t fully understand chronic fatigue our knowledge about overtraining remains scant. Hans Selye’s General Adaptation framework suggests it is likely due to too much training and insufficient recovery that leads to a prolonged maladaptation of physiological systems and structures. In this module you are provided insight into chronic fatigue and its relationship to overtraining.

Introduction5:53

Training continuum2:57

Different perspective3:57

Self-monitoring questions3:50

Neurological overtraining5:37

Overtraining the heart7:15

Overtraining the musculoskeletal system7:44

Concluding comments1:32

与讲师见面

Dr. Chris Brooks
Instructor
Coaching Science Coordinator for USA Track and Field

So far, we have examined the endocrine and the autonomic nervous systems, and

the role each plays in returning the body to and maintaining homeostasis.

Now we'll delve into how the endocrine and the autonomic nervous systems

relate to this complex condition referred to as overtraining.

And we're specifically going to ask the question or

answer the question, what is overtraining?

This lesson lays the groundwork for the next lesson where we discuss

useful methods for monitoring the danger signals for

possible chronic fatigue and therefore overtraining.

And following that we will delve deeper into the physiology of overtraining,

so that you have a really solid insight into this very frustrating phenomenon.

When an athlete is underperforming and you don't know why, suspect

that chronic fatigue due to overtraining is the prime contributing factor.

Unfortunately because we don't understand much about chronic fatigue,

our knowledge about overtraining remains scant.

Hans Selye's general adaptation frameworks suggest is likely due to

too much training and insufficient recovery, that leads to a prolonged

maladaption of the physiological systems and the structures as they try to adapt.

The outcome is always a feeling of fatigue,

there are sleep disturbances, there is lack of desire to train, and

there are reoccurring respiratory infections.

It is thought that fatigue is possibly related to an immune system,

they can't keep pace with the necessary repair other damaged muscles and

other tissues, due to overtraining.

And we have talked a bit about fatigue theories,

besides the immune system response.

One red flag of possible chronic fatigue

due to overtraining is unexplained underperformance.

An athlete is underperforming and

feeling constantly tired, they become very frustrated.

And this will spur some to train harder and

others to give up due to sagging self esteem.

And the athlete struggles to complete training sessions at

the required intensity.

And recovery takes a lot longer than it should.

Technical skills suffer partly due to fatigue and

partly due to an inability to mentally focus.

Now chronic fatigue due to overtraining is quite common.

More than 60% of distance runners experience overtraining symptoms

during their athletic careers.

Around 50% of soccer players will have symptoms

during a five month competitive season.

Intense camp environments also play a contributing role.

Almost a third of the enrollees in a six-week basketball training camp

experience symptoms of overtraining.

The overtraining phenomenon is likely to become even more

common as sport places higher demands on the athlete's time and

energy reserves at younger and younger ages.

And there's no question that the human body has a remarkable ability to adapt.

However, there is a limit to it's ability to cope with ongoing intense exercise.

The human body has a particular problem successfully adapting to stress or

highly repetitive activities for

an extensive time as occurs when athlete specialize in one sport.

We design to be movement generalists not specialist in a small number of movements.

And sport, by its very nature, demands specificity of training.

A good coach understands the fragility of the human body.

Athletes can accomplish a remarkable physical feats, but there are limits.

Successful training requires matching training so

it does not successfully or excessively overextend

the current capacity of the athletes physiological systems.

So, in this lesson, we're going to discuss the training continuum.

And examine the differences between the fatigue associated with acute overload,

over-reaching and over-training.

And we're going to take a look at some case histories that illustrate

the seriousness of overtraining to the athlete's long term health.

There are many symptoms of overtraining and

we're going to examine some of the more useful indicators that you can use.

And we'll also discuss over-reaching as

a strategy to stimulate enhanced adaptations and

how this can be employed in a older and more experience athletes,

to more experience athlete's advantage if it is used cautiously.

So, let's get started.

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