Hi. Last class, we drew the graph of our life. I'm sure you all thought about who has influenced your life in the past and who will lead you in the future. You might have think you have led your life, but it is not so. You think you have lived with your own will, but you have lived by imitating unconsciously so many people you have seen so far. In childhood, we learn by imitation as shown by Bandura's theory of social learning. And children act as they learn. Now, and in the future, we adults directly lead our life by our own will. But we might lead our life based on learning by imitation as well. This is called self-directed learning for adults. We directly learn professional knowledge. We directly act and we lead our life, so we can say we are self-leading. But there are few adults who have self-leadership proposed by Manz. Self-leadership is to carry out work with mental stability and satisfaction to achieve one's goals. Self-leadership is an active concept in "planning a goal" and "carrying it out" in various environments. Self-leadership strategy of adult learners included Behavior strategies for effective action and Cognitive strategy for effective thinking and attitude and Internal Compensation strategies. Self is in the center. Components of self-leadership are self-observation skills, goal-setting skills, self-persuasion skills, self-reward skills, and the self-vision, belief management, imaginary experiences, conversation with himself, or herself, ability to control one's environment, rehearsal ability. Here conversation with oneself means continuous internal conversation with self-persuasion, encouragement, punishment, criticism, and comfort when appropriate. A strong positive attitude, and belief in one's self should be the foundation of a conversation with oneself. Otherwise, it could deteriorate into self-punishment and self-rebuke. Therefore, you should observe your self-conservation and repeatedly try to change the obstacles constructive manner. The positive belief that you can carry out a task, improves the probability of doing that task successfully. You can create a clear, positive image in your mind with imaginary experience. For example, imagine yourself overcoming a difficult challenge successfully. Let's examine successful cases of self-leadership. Genghis Khan. Successfully used his men's self-leadership qualities to make the Mongol Empire into a great one. He took people who were managing horses in the field and made them into generals. By utilizing his men's self leadership, Genghis Khan built the great empire without leaving Mongol territory. He delegated all power to his man and fostered the belief in his men in order to lead all the situations on the field. Genghis Khan is an example of implementing self-leadership in an organization. He empowered his men to strengthen his organization. His men strengthened the organization by themselves. He might have gained his wisdom from bitter experiences from his childhood. Steve Jobs was able to lead the tech industry because he utilized self-leadership. He made new product according to his own principles and ideas regardless of convention. As you know his iPod revolutionized music distribution and the iPhone completely changed the mobile phone market. Steve Jobs communicated with himself very well. Every morning, he looked in the mirror and asked himself, "if today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today? We can imagine he had a sincere and frank conversation with himself. There are various ways to build self-leadership. For example reading books, travel, writing memos, watching movies etcetera. Among them the most effective way to build up self leadership is self reflection. Through self-reflection, you can objectively be aware of your life and can foster self leadership after discovering what areas of your life can be improved. Our mind can be great through self-reflection and subtraction of mind Overcoming oneself is the greatest achievement. As mentioned in the previous lecture, the self is both observer and actor. Thus, objective self observation is a difficult. Also for effective relationship you need to have a conversation with your 'objective self'. Conversation not by head but by heart can change behavior. Thus far, our dissatisfied selves have led ourselves, so the results are obvious. The dissatisfaction has continued and in this way our life is incomplete. Therefore, objective reflection of oneself is the first step for self leadership. These fundamental problems of self are dealt with in the book The Self Illusion, written by Bruce Hood 2012. The author, an experimental psychologist, said the self you think of is an illusion and there is no free will to control oneself. Now, let us think about this. The illusionary self overshadows the real self. If the illusionary self prevents us from living our real life, we should subtract the illusionary self through self-reflection. Then, we can live with our real self and properly implement the strategies of self-leadership. Next class let us talk about the incomplete life.