[MUSIC] The design thinking sequence has no real mysteries to it. It involves these moments we've been talking about. It involves listening, feeling, what the person you want to help is actually experiencing. It involves dreaming about possible ways to respond. It involves a matching different versions of the solution. It involves then, synthesizing, organizing and manipulating the range of data that you've gotten into some kind of pattern. And then ultimately, the third step that we've been talking about involves this prototype and iteration, where you're going out and trying different approaches that might work. You have to commit at each point to a certain modern openness, and that is someways is the key take away of the design thinking approach, the creative approach of problem solving. It says, you're not going to get it right the first time, you're going to need to listen, you're going to need to iterate. You're going to need to fail, but you're going to build that into the process from the start. Where do you go from here? Well, how do you think about innovation as you go out into the world and try to solve a problem in your community? First, you have to start by saying, I'm willing to abandon all the assumptions I have. I'm willing to go out and try to discover hidden truths. I'm willing to bracket what I think I know in order to listen and receive from others what they are actually experiencing. It involves finding opportunities for major breakthrough in the small common truths that you hear. It involves constantly taking apart the information that you receive, putting it back together and searching for the combination that's actually going to lead to the high value products and services. It's going to absolutely require iteration, failure, re-engineering, retesting, and constant, a circular constant process, a feedback and change in the pursuit of a better solution to a social problem. Now, social entrepreneurs are very busy. They work hard, they want to solve problems, they want to get to the punch line. They want to get to the solution as soon as possible. The design thinking approach says, wait a second. Let's listen, synthesize, prototype. Let's take our time. Let's try to find ways to find innovation that give us a chance to break free from the constraints and beliefs that we bring to the problem. You need to invest a certain amount of time and effort into this process. You're not going to discover innovative solutions to problems, unless you give yourself a chance to breathe and listen, and reflect. You cannot go directly to the implementation of your program. It involves a process that goes through many, many stages. You have to honor both this creative and rational part of your approach to problem solving. You cannot just take a rational, technical approach. A lot of the problems involved, deep, deep-seated issues, that you need to understand from the inside. And that's going to involve this process of listening and really hearing from the client, and end user, their vision and version of the truth. Finally, I believe that this approach can energize you. I believe that if you start from the end user and work forward towards a solution, you're going to feel much more deeply connected to the problem that you want to solve. You're going to feel much deeper connection to the people you're trying to help. And I think, you're going to get closer and closer to fundamentally innovation. [MUSIC]