In this video, we'll explore, process variation are learning objective is to define a process in terms of sources of variation, let's first define what a processes. A process consists of all the personnel, equipment, materials, methods, procedures and environmental characteristics that interact to produce an output. In fact, a process could be modeled as what's called a sip park model. Sip park stands for supplier input, process, output and ultimately what goes to the customer or consumer suppliers are who provide the raw materials or perhaps even the technology and information. The inputs are these specifications of the material or information that are needed by the process itself, a process consists of the core activities that make up the process. The outputs are what the process produces, it could be a product, it could be a service or even technology. And finally, the customer or consumer are the main users of the processes output, when it comes to a product or service, no two things are exactly alike. They might be similar, but never exactly the same, and this is due to variation or variability, the variation can be large or small, but it's always present in all processes and systems variation. In the product or service is a function of the process or system that created the product or service, as well as the inputs to those processes and systems. Different sources of variation could consist of the people who are involved in the process, the machines, the methods that are used in the process itself. The measurement process, the ambient or environmental characteristics and the materials used to create whatever the output may be, either product or service. For example, let's say we have a plane bushing, the different sources of variability involved are those that we just mentioned. Variation due to people, could be related to the experience that the people have in making the product or service. It could also be the knowledge that they have or the level of training they've received as well as the physical and sensory capability of the people who were involved in the process. There could also be variation due to machines, there could be different ways that the machines are set up from run to run. There could be variation in the tooling that is used within the machine, there could be backlash or play in the gears. There could be long term wear of the machine and the tools used in the machine, as well as variation in speed. How the material is fed into the machine, the temperature and pressure and how things are located within the machine, additionally, there could be variation due to methods used. The coolant application could be different as it is applied to the product itself. There could be variation in cool and application variation in how things are set up with the methods used. There could be variation in cutting depths or the settings for speed, feed temperature and pressure and the criteria for a tooling changeover with respect to materials. There could be variation in hardness or the chemical composition, the surface condition could be different depending on the material, incoming damage. Sure of this, bushing could be different from piece to piece, the roundness and straightness could also show variation as well as supplier to supplier and locked. A lot differences with the materials, there also could be variation due to measurement, different operators or technicians could have differences in how they measure. There could be differences in the gauging itself and there can be differences even in the same person and the same measurement device and last but not least. There could be variation due to the environment, there could be changes in the temperature and humidity as well as a vibration, dust, fumes and even light. There could also be the effect of time on process variation, there are short term effects, for example. There may be peace to peace variation resulting from slight differences in location of cutting depths for tooling or maybe minor location differences within fixed during. There could be small variation and cool and flows or minor temperature variation. There also could be longer term effects such as machine and tool where there could be tour that could be seen after several hours, but machine where might not be seen for several months. And with the environment the temperatures that affect output can change throughout the day, the week or even the year. And there could be irregular effects, for example, there could be a power or pressure surge, there could be a lot to lot differences in the raw material as well.