Aprenda sobre o processo de produção musical (inclusive sobre gravação, edição e mixagem) e conheça as ferramentas disponíveis para criação de música contemporânea no computador. Devido à recente disponibilidade de softwares e hardwares de alta qualidade e baixo custo, agora as ferramentas de produção musical estão ao alcance de todos. Os álbuns deixaram de ser criados apenas em estúdios, agora também são criados em quartos. À primeira vista, isso é libertador. Qualquer pessoa pode criar um álbum por um custo bem baixo, basta comprar alguns equipamentos e um pacote de software. Mas, se você for mais a fundo, verá que não é tão fácil assim. É preciso conhecimento, dedicação e criatividade para produzir música. Fornecer conhecimento é o propósito deste curso. Não importa o tipo de música que você está produzindo, há um grande conjunto de ferramentas que você precisará usar. Cada lição deste curso demonstrará um conjunto diferente de ferramentas de produção musical, seguindo vagamente o processo da produção musical de gravar, editar e mixar. Vamos começar com algumas noções sobre a natureza do som e como o percebemos. Em seguida, vamos analisar os componentes necessários para gravar áudio em um computador, para que você compreenda os dispositivos pelos quais o som precisa se deslocar em um processo de produção musical. Depois de gravado, o som precisa ser organizado em uma linha de tempo, um processo conhecido como edição. A edição nos permite dar a impressão de execuções perfeitas e criar muitos dos sons que ouvimos na música contemporânea. A ferramenta de edição contemporânea é a estação de trabalho de áudio digital (DAW, Digital Audio Workstation), um software que armazena e organiza todos os recursos de um projeto musical. Vamos focar as ferramentas de edição que são essenciais na produção de música contemporânea e que são fornecidas por todas as DAWs. Após a edição, os sons devem ser combinados ou mixados, por isso vamos analisar a mesa de mixagem, que pode ser um local muito criativo se você souber usá-la. Vamos explorar as funcionalidades básicas das mesas de mixagem em hardware e software, inclusive volume, panning, mudo, solo, barramentos, inserções, envios e submixagens. O processo de mixagem, no entanto, engloba mais ferramentas do que a mesa de mixagem fornece. O som também deve ser processado, ou seja, modificado de modo a fazer com que seu estado gravado se enquadre no contexto da música. Vamos analisar a compressão, a equalização e o retardo, além de examinar os muitos efeitos de áudio que são extensões desses dispositivos e como eles são usados em um contexto musical. No fim das contas, o processo de produção musical depende da sua criatividade. A criatividade é um produto da mente, e ela permanece armazenada ali, sem ser expressada, até que as ferramentas certas são usadas da maneira certa para compartilhá-la com o mundo. Se você tem uma ideia em mente, precisará passar por inúmeras etapas, cada uma com uma ferramenta importante, para chegar ao seu público. Traga a dedicação e criatividade para este curso, que ele fornecerá o conhecimento para fazer acontecer.
Controladores MIDI
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来自 Berklee College of Music 的课程
A tecnologia da produção musical
20 个评分
从本节课中
O DAW
A ferramenta de edição contemporânea é a estação de trabalho de áudio digital (DAW, Digital Audio Workstation), um software que armazena e organiza todos os recursos de um projeto musical. Vamos focar as ferramentas de edição que são essenciais na produção de música contemporânea e que são fornecidas por todas as DAWs.
与讲师见面
Loudon StearnsAssistant Professor
Contemporary Writing & Production
A midi controller is going to be one of the really important parts of gear in
your home studio. Now midi controllers come in a wide
variety of different formats and are designed to meet a huge variety of budget
points. Now you'll find that there will be midi
control keyboard midi controllers that are drum pads for finger drumming.
That are keyboards, like the one that we are going to be looking at here, that are
a bank of faders which are designed to control the faders in a DAW.
They are really designed in a wide variety of Formats.
And you want to choose one that's perfect for you.
kind of really do some shopping, and see which one meets your needs.
that said, a midi control keyboard, like a piano keyboard type of input, is pretty
much essential, essential. And I think that's going to be one of the
ones that you're really going to want to purchase.
The midi-control keyboard I have here is very simple.
and it's so simple, it's what we call class compliant which actually is quite
nice in that this can plug right in and just work right away.
No drivers are necessary. A larger keyboard with more functions,
with the drum pads, more faders, bunches of encoders and pressure sensors.
Will usually require a small piece of software called a driver that tells the
computer how to communicate with that device.
so, if you do plug in your keyboard and it doesn't work right away.
I would suggest first looking in the manufacture website and downloading the
latest driver, that usually fixes most issues, with a keyboard.
Now the midi specification does have it's own type of cable, it's a five pin den
cable designed specifically for midi. But we don't really find ourselves using
them much any more, instead the midi controller keyboards attached to our
computer, with a USB. Which is nice a high, high speed and
also, kind of, announces itself. In this nice handshaking function, where
the computer immediately recognizes what's connected to it.
Which we didn't have with MIDI cables. Also with USB, communication is
bi-directional, it goes from the keyboard out to the device and from the device to
the keyboard. MIDI would require two cables to have
that bi-directional functionality. I'd like to point out some of the
important principles and characteristics of this keyboard controller.
And the first thing we notice is that it does have about two octaves of keys.
And if you want to go outside those two octaves, there's a nice octave button to
jump up and down. And one of the downsides of a device this
big is it's hard to play kind of large chords you use both hands at once but the
octave function can, can make it a little more nimble.
We see this often on keyboard controllers is that we have a pitch bend and a
modular/g. And the pitch bend is kind of a larger
knob that snaps back to its middle state. And it really is designed to control the
pitch of the patch that you're controlling.
Now, there's no definite amount that that will control the pitch, on some patches,
it'll go up a step and down a step. On other patches, it might go up an
octave and down a step. It really can vary from patch to patch,
and some patches, and some samplers and synths will completely ignore pitch bend.
One important thing to know about Pitch Bend is it's a higher resolution then all
the other knobs. We have a knob for mod wheel right next
to it. This will send values from 0 to 127.
Pitch Bend sends many, many more values. Their control change like modulation is
a, a control change message and control change messages have two data words.
One saying which controller it is , is controller 1 or controller 10 or
controller 20? And the other data word is what value is
it from 0 to 127. Pitch bend kind of combines both those
words to make one really large number. And that's how it can be so specific in
such a high resolution. So, it's perfect for pitch because we can
detect fine changes in pitch, so we need the higher resolution for that one
parameter. This knob next to it is the Mod wheel and
in most cases it sends CC number 1 and that will often control a very important
parameter within your [UNKNOWN]. But again is no definite thing that it
will control. On some sense it might control the amount
of [UNKNOWN] on others it might be volume, on others it might be something
totally different. Each patch can change what that knob
actually controls. If I go across this keyboard, I'll see a
variety of different knobs, kind of a collection of eight knobs.
And this is very very common on keyboards' control surfaces to have a
collection of eight knobs like this and these are all going to send control
change messages. Many synths and samplers are now designed
with 8 knobs on them, often called macro controls.
That will control the eight really important parameters within that patch.
Now, these knobs are all numbered here. They have, they're numbered 1 through 8.
And that really is just the number of the knob on the front of the device.
It has no relationship to the CC that's actually being sent.
in fact, these can, each of these knobs can be configured to send to any CC.
I can have this one send CC10 and this 7 and this 12 and this 200.
Well, can't do 200 can we? It's a 7 bit word it only goes to 127.
So, if we turn this knob we'll that it has a range from zero up to 127 and
that's the max. And we have 127 possible different knobs.
There are many ways that we could adjust which one of these knobs is sending which
control change message. Very often on the outside of the device
itself there'll be some kind of advanced function that can be used to really
control what this device is actually sending.
I could configure this to send CC1, I could configure it to send CC 4 by using
the advanced functions that are kind of written about the keys and many devices
will have something like that. We hit like an advanced function button
and then you use the individual keys to send different commands right to the
device itself. So I could change the functionality of
these knobs. Another way that's actually a little
nicer to use, usually, is having a piece of software in your computer that adjusts
what the device actually does. So it'll be a piece of software that you
install when you buy the, buy the device, that will actually be able to adjust what
the functionality of the keyboard is. One thing you do want to know, how to
accomplish on your keyboard, is changing what channel it sends on.
There are often issues when your keyboard is sending on a channel other than one.
Most DAWs and synths and samplers will be expecting the MIDI data to come on
channel one. But if your controller gets set up to
send on a different channel, then you might find the DAW or the synth or
sampler not to respond as expected. So I would suggest you take a moment if
you do own a controller to kind of look through the manual and see what the
different functionalities are and how you can adjust it.
there are many other great functionalities like velocity curve,
which you can adjust for your kind of playing style.
And after touch curve or how hard you have to push on the keyboard before it
will respond. So, those kind of parameters are great
and it allows you to kind of customize the device, the device to your needs.
So I would suggest go through your manual.
Just explore it a little bit, and see how you can adjust the parameters on the
device itself.
