Welcome back. From previous examples, we learned that product designer can specify functional and aesthetic features of a product interface in order to create a desired user experience. In this video, I want to discuss how to design user experience in socio-technical systems. A socio-technical system is a social system operating on a technical base. Examples of socio-technical systems include Wikipedia, E-Bay, Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube. Compared to traditional software or hardware product, designing the user experience in socio-technical systems is quite challenging. Even if a designer wants a socio-technical system to be larger, to be more active, or more friendly in tone, he or she may not be able to make that happen. The reason is that people are the key factors that influences users experiences in socio-technical systems. People are interacting with other people in these systems. However, people's behavior, reactions or responses cannot be shaped or programmed in the way that the physical materials of softwares can. However, socio-technical system design is still possible. Today I want to share two successful examples, the cases of Airbnb and CouchSurfing. Airbnb and CouchSurfing both help users host strangers in their homes. However, Airbnb and CouchSurfing have very different goals and try to promote very different user experiences. Airbnb describe itself as a trusted marketplace for people to list, discover, and book unique accommodations around the world. In contrast, CouchSurfing describe itself as a global community of people who share their life, their world, and their journey. In sum, Airbnb is more about providing efficient marketplace for people to rent their homes while CouchSurfing is more about building a community of travelers. So how the interfaces of these two platforms reflect and reinforce the different purposes of these two sites? So let's first see the interface of Airbnb. On the main interface of the Airbnb listing, first the users can see the price of the homes. Then, lots of space on this interface is used to describe the features of the homes, like the space, availability, and safety features. Airbnb also encourages a host to upload lots of pictures of their homes. Also, users can see the neighborhood of the place. In contrast, CouchSurfing uses lots of space on their interface to describe the host's characteristics such as their age, gender, languages, degree, education, and birthplace. CouchSurfing also allows the host to provide more details about themselves, such as why I'm on CouchSurfing, my interests, and one amazing thing I have done. Compared to Airbnb, CouchSurfing has a much simpler interface for hosts to describe their homes. And also what interesting is that CouchSurfing actually only shows the city level location information, not the whole address or neighborhood of the place. I believe that this interface design is on purpose so that the users of CouchSurfing would pay less attention to the location but more to the hosts. In this case study we learned that good interface design in socio-technical systems can influence how people interact with each other on these systems. The interface of Airbnb reflects are reinforces the idea that Airbnb is a platform for people to find places to stay over. While the interface of CouchSurfing help view the environment, where instead of finding places, people find the ads of people to stay with. Thank you for watching this video. I hope we can see you in the next one.