Let's run this model.
Let's conduct this analysis.
Into the model that we'll be running here,
we have job meaningfulness having an indirect effect on job performance via engagement,
and the relationship between engagement and performance is moderated by task complexity.
That's the model that we are running.
The first step is to look for the mediation and test for the mediation model.
Go to process, and how do you get there?
Go to analyze, and then once you are in the analyze option,
go to regression and then click on process.
Once you did that,
click and select the correct model.
It's model number four because we are running the mediation model,
and then you enter your variables.
You have test performance or job performance as your dependent variable,
you have meaningfulness as your independent variable and engagement as your mediator.
Go to options, ask for the total effect model and once you do that,
just click on OK.
I'm not showing to you the output for
a mediation model because I've already done that in a different session.
Please go back to the mediation session if
you have questions on how to interpret the output.
And now, we run a moderation model and
we look at the interaction or the interaction term,
and the interaction term is the multiplication of
the engagement variable and the task complexity variable.
You look at that term and if that term predicts performance.
And how do we do that?
Again, go to process.
Don't forget to select model number one because now it's a moderation model
and instead of having job engagement as your mediator,
you'll have job engagement as your independent variable and you
have task complexity as your moderator.
Don't forget to mean center,
and don't forget to get the matrix or the covariance matrix.
The covariance matrix is important because you need to
plot the interaction term and you get
the coefficients for plotting and conducting a simple slope analysis from this matrix.
Now, it's time to click on OK and you will get the output.
Once more, I'm not covering
all the output part here because we did already in a different session.
Again, go back and watch that session on
moderation if you have questions about how to interpret the output.
Now, we have to run model 15.
And model 15 will give us the output for interpreting or for
testing this conditional indirect effect
especially for second stage moderated mediation models.
Don't forget to select model 15,
and in one of these slides that I covered,
I entered model 14 or model 15.
Why model 15 and not model 14?
Both models will give you the interaction term of
the mediator and the moderator and the effects on the dependent variable.
But what is different from model 14 and model 15 is that,
with model 15 you control your partial O to the variance of
the interaction term between our independent
variable and our moderator on the dependent variable.
That's important. That's a more conservative test.
You should be conducting model 15 if you are conducting second stage models.
Another important piece of information here is that for a model 15,
your moderator goes to moderator V place.
Remember, for model eight when you are conducting first stage models,
our moderator goes to the moderator W space.
Here is V. Don't forget that,
if you'll make a mistake you'll get an error term.
And now, again, don't forget to mean center the products because we
will have an interaction term and we want it to avoid multi-collinearity issues.
And once you do that, the next step is to click on OK. And now we have the output.
So, the first thing that you do when you run a process model,
you should know now is to actually check for
the model number and this is model number 15.
We do have our dependent variable, independent variable,
mediator as engagement and our moderator is task complexity.
If we scroll down the output file,
we'll see basically those steps again.
Our first step, we'll look at the relationship between our independent variable,
job meaningfulness and job engagement.
And here we do find a significant relationship because P is less than 0.5.
The second step, we look at the interaction term and
the interaction term that effects on the dependent variable.
So, here we'll see that we do have two interaction terms because we
chose model number 15 and we are controlling
for the effects of an interaction term on the dependent variable.
Interaction term number one is job engagement and task complexity.
And interaction term number two is meaningfulness and task complexity,
the multiplication of those variables.
What we want to see is that the interaction term one has
a significant relationship with our independent variable, task performance here.
And we do find a significant relationship because P is less than 0.5.
Our interaction term number two is the control interaction term and it's not significant.
P is not less than 0.5.
The next step, we needed to take a look
at the bootstrapping analysis and the outcomes of that analysis.
We look at this part of the output here in which we have the mediator.
The first part of the output,
I can also explain to you.
This is actually that interaction term number two.
We are looking at the interaction between our independent variable
and the task complexity on performance.
Here, we can see that for low levels of task complexity,
we do have a significant mean effect,
if we are just considering that term.
But we are not interested in this part of the output.
We are interested in the second part of
the output because we wanted to see the conditional indirect effect.
Here we can see that when job engagement is low or the indirect effects
of meaningfulness on job performance via
engagement is significant only when task complexity is low.
If task complexity is, I mean,
high we can't actually perform well
regardless of our engagement level or how much meaningful the job is.
That's the theory behind it.
I don't have a stronger theoretical rationale here because the purpose of this session,
this workshop is to teach you how to conduct a conditional indirect effect analysis.
But vaguely, this is the reasoning behind.
Meaningfulness has an indirect effect on job performance via
engagement if task complexity is low or when task complexity is low.
The next step is to look at the index of moderated mediation,
and we do find that there is no zero in the bootstrapping analysis or in
the confidence interval of
the bootstrapping analysis for this index of moderated mediation,
more information or more support for our conditional indirect effect.
In this session, we covered second stage moderated mediation models.
We described how we theorized about these models and then
we analyzed our data set to show how to conduct this particular analysis.
If you have questions, go back and watch this session again.
Cristiano GuaranaPost-Doctoral Researcher
