Hello. Welcome to another two lessons in our course series.

We have two interesting topics on the plate today.

One is on PBK modeling the other one is on data mining and biometry.

Both are key for improving Toxicological Sciences.

PBK which are physiology-based kinetic models

are helping us to make to understand what a dose,

so a dose a person is exposed to actually means for

the amount of chemical arriving where the problem then is taking place.

So the organ manifestation, the hazard.

Because you will learn that it is very dependent on which species are used,

rats, mice, guinea pigs,

over your interest in human effects,

how much of the given dose is actually arriving on the side of interest.

But this is exactly what we need to understand because humans obviously

allow different amounts of a given chemical to enter into the body,

and distribute being metabolized and excreted in a different rate to animals.

So to make a conclusion from animals to humans,

we need some type of modeling.

But we need this exact same type of modeling also to understand

which concentration of a substance

in a cell culture experiment translates actually to which concentration,

which dose for animal species.

And you will learn about technologies,

computer-based technologies which are allowing

us more and more to make such conclusions in either direction.

To say a concentration in the tissue,

a concentration in the tissue culture,

how does it relate to an actual concentration

given in a laboratory experiment on animals or a human study.

The second lesson is going to talk about the tools of bioinformatics,

which are steadily improving because they are giving

us tools with modern techniques of data mining,

which allow us to handle large data,

big data as we often say now in order to analyze a biological phenomenon.

So toxicology for the 21st century to

some extent is a marriage between bioinformatics and toxicology.

And I hope you will enjoy the two lessons,

and we're going to see each other for another lesson soon.

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